Ibn Battuta: Tangier ka musafir Sehwan, Multan aur Delhi mein

June 1325 mein Morocco ke shehar Tangier se ek bais saala naujawan akela Hajj ke liye nikla. Ise khabar na thi ke woh barson baad ghar lautega aur is dauran Africa, Arab, Iran, Wasti Asia, Hindustan aur China tak dekh aayega. Yeh Ibn Battuta (Ibn Battuta) tha, aur uske safarnamay ka ek bara hissa isi sarzameen se guzarta hai jise aaj hum Pakistan kehte hain: darya-e-Sindh, Sehwan, Lahari Bandar, Bakar, Uch, Multan aur Pakpattan.

Tangier se rawangi

Angrez mustashriq H. A. R. Gibb (H. A. R. Gibb) ne 1929 mein safarnamay ke muntakhab hisson ka Angrezi tarjuma shaya kiya. Un ke taruf ke mutabiq kitab ke murattib Ibn Juzayy (Ibn Juzayy) ne likha hai ke Ibn Battuta 24 February 1304 ko Tangier mein paida hue. Un ka asal naam Muhammad bin Abdullah tha aur khandan mein kai qazi guzre the.

Ibn Battuta khud likhte hain ke woh Jumeraat 2 Rajab 725 Hijri (14 June 1325) ko, qamri hisab se bais baras ki umr mein, Tangier se nikle, koi hamsafar ya qafila sath na tha, bas Makkah aur Madina ki ziyarat ka derina shauq tha. Gibb ke mutabiq woh apne zamane ke wahid sayyah the jinhon ne apne daur ke har Musalman hukmran ke mulk ka safar kiya, aur Henry Yule ke andaze mein un ka kul safar kam az kam 75 hazar meel banta hai. World History Encyclopedia ke mutabiq yeh taqriban ek lakh bees hazar kilometre banta hai.

Darya-e-Sindh ke kinare

Hajj, Iraq, Iran, Anatolia, Sunehri Horde ki Mongol saltanat aur Wasti Asia ke taweel safar ke baad Ibn Battuta Khorasan aur Afghanistan ke raste Hindustan ki taraf barhe. Phir pandrah din ka ek aisa sehra aaya jise, un ke baqaul, sirf barishon ke baad paar kiya ja sakta tha.

Woh likhte hain ke un ka qafila yakum Muharram 734 Hijri ki raat, yaani 12 September 1333 ko, "Panj Aab" pohancha, jise woh "Sindh ka darya" kehte hain aur jis ka matlab "paanch darya" batate hain. Yehi darya Delhi ke Sultan ki saltanat ki sarhad tha. Yahan sarkari khabar rasan har naye aane wale ki poori tafseel badshah ko likh bhejte the.

Un ke baqaul Sindh se Delhi pachas din ka rasta tha, magar paidal harkaron ki dak, jin ki chowkiyan har tehai meel par thin aur jo ghantiyon wale dande le kar dorte the, khat paanch din mein pohancha deti thi.

Sehwan ki garmi aur Lahari ki bandargah

Darya paar karne ke baad rasta sarkandon ke jungle se guzra, jahan Ibn Battuta ne zindagi mein pehli baar genda dekha. Phir Sewistan, yaani Sehwan (Sehwan) aaya. Woh likhte hain ke shehar ke bahar retla sehra tha jis mein babul ke siwa koi darakht na tha. Log jawar aur matar ki roti khate the, aur machhli aur bhains ka doodh wafir tha. Garmi itni shadeed thi ke kandhon par dala gaya bheega kapra thori hi der mein sookh jata.

Sehwan mein un ki mulaqat Herat ke sabiq qazi Alaul Mulk se hui jinhein Sultan ne Lahari ka hakim muqarrar kiya tha. Ibn Battuta un ke sath pandrah kashtiyon ke qafile mein darya ke bahao par rawana hue. Hakim ki bari kashti ko taqriban chalis mallah khetay the aur sath ki kashtiyon par naqqare aur nafiriyan bajti thin.

Paanch din baad woh Lahari (Lahari) pohanche, jo un ke baqaul wahan waqe tha jahan darya-e-Sindh samundar mein girta hai. Yahan ek bari bandargah thi jahan Yemen, Fars aur doosre ilaqon se log aate the. Hakim ne bataya ke is shehar ki amdani salana saath lakh hai. Gibb ke hashiye ke mutabiq Lahari, jise Angrez "Lari Bandar" likhte the, Karachi se taqriban atthais meel janub mashriq mein tha aur taqriban 1800 mein is ki jagah Karachi ne le li.

Bakar, Uch aur Multan

Lahari se woh Bakar (Bakar) gaye, jise Gibb Sukkur aur Rohri ke darmiyan darya-e-Sindh ka qilabund jazeera batate hain. Wahan se woh Uch (Uch) pohanche, jo darya ke kinare umda bazaron aur imaraton wala shehar tha. Yahan ke hakim Sharif Jalaluddin se un ki gehri dosti hui.

Phir Multan aaya, jise Ibn Battuta "Sindh ka daarul hukumat" likhte hain. Shehar se das meel pehle ek darya par chungi ki sakht janch hoti thi; tajiron se saman ka chauthai hissa aur fi ghora saat dinar wasool kiye jate the. Yahan fauj mein bharti ke liye teer andaz ko mukhtalif sakhti ki kamanein khainchni partin aur us ki tankhwah us ki taqat ke mutabiq muqarrar hoti.

Multan mein do mahine intezar ke baad qafila Delhi ki taraf rawana hua, jo chalis din ki masafat par tha. Raste mein woh Ajodhan, yaani aaj ke Pakpattan (Pakpattan) se guzre, jise woh "Shaikh Fariduddin ka chota sa qasba" likhte hain, aur Shaikh se mulaqat ki.

Delhi ke qazi

Delhi mein Sultan Muhammad bin Tughluq (Muhammad ibn Tughluq) ki hukumat thi. Ibn Battuta likhte hain ke Sultan pardesiyon ki bari qadar karta aur unhein unche ohde deta tha. Us ne Ibn Battuta ka salana wazifa barah hazar dinar muqarrar kiya aur jab poocha gaya ke kaun kis ohde ke qabil hai to Ibn Battuta ne kaha ke wazarat un ka kaam nahin, albatta qaza un ka aur un ke baap dada ka pesha hai. Chunancha unhein Delhi mein Maliki maslak ka qazi muqarrar kar diya gaya. Gibb ke mutabiq woh taqriban saat baras is mansab par rahe.

Ibn Battuta ne Delhi ki Jama Masjid ke minar ka zikr bhi kiya, jo aaj Qutb Minar ke naam se mashhoor hai. Woh likhte hain ke Islami dunya mein is jaisa koi minar nahin, yeh surkh pathar ka bana hai aur is ka rasta itna chora hai ke hathi upar ja sake. Gibb ke hashiye ke mutabiq Qutb Minar ki unchai 238 feet hai aur is ki chorai ke bare mein Ibn Battuta ne mubalagha kiya hai. Akhir 1342 mein Sultan ne unhein China ke Mongol shahenshah ke paas safeer bana kar bheja; un ke baqaul qafila 17 Safar 743 Hijri (22 July 1342) ko Delhi se rawana hua.

Safarnama kaise likha gaya

Gibb ke mutabiq Ibn Battuta ne kabhi safarnama likhne ka irada nahin kiya tha. Fez (Fez) wapas aa kar unhon ne darbar mein apne qissay sunaye to kai logon ne yaqeen na kiya, jaisa ke muarrikh Ibn Khaldun ne bhi likha hai. Akhir Morocco ke Sultan ke hukm par un ke munshi Ibn Juzayy ne Ibn Battuta ki zubani yeh kitab murattab ki. Kitab ke akhir mein likha hai ke is ka imla 3 Zilhajj 756 Hijri (9 December 1355) ko mukammal hua. Wikipedia ke mutabiq is ka Arabi naam "Tuhfat al-Nuzzar fi Gharaib al-Amsar wa Ajaib al-Asfar" hai, jo "Rihla" yaani safarnamay ke naam se mashhoor hua. Gibb likhte hain ke Ibn Battuta baad mein Morocco ke ek shehar mein qazi rahe aur 1368 ya 1369 mein wafat pai.

Balochistan ke qareen ke liye ek dilchasp baat: Sir Henry Yule ne Marco Polo ki kitab ke hashiye mein likha hai ke Ibn Battuta ne bhi Makuran ke liye "Kech Makuran" ka naam istemal kiya.

Agli qist: Zheng He: Chini Ameer-ul-Bahr ke saat behri safar.