Orellana: Darya-e-Amazon ka pehla safar

1541 mein Andes pahadon ke mashriq mein Hispani sipahiyon ki ek bhooki jamaat ek kacchi kashti mein sawar ho kar khuraak dhoondne nikli. Un ka irada chand din mein laut aane ka tha, magar darya ka bahao unhein aisa le gaya ke mahinon baad woh Bahr-e-Atlantic mein ja nikle. Yoon Francisco de Orellana (Francisco de Orellana) aur us ke sathi woh pehle European bane jinhon ne duniya ke azeem tareen daryaon mein se ek, Amazon (Amazon), mein behte hue samandar tak safar kiya.

Dar chini ki talash mein

Encyclopaedia Britannica ke mutabiq Orellana taqriban 1490 mein Spain ke shehar Trujillo (Trujillo) mein paida hua, 1535 mein Peru mein Francisco Pizarro ke sath raha aur 1538 mein Guayaquil (Guayaquil) ka governor bana. Jab Gonzalo Pizarro (Gonzalo Pizarro) ne Quito (Quito) ke mashriq ke ilaqon ki khoj ke liye ek badi muhim tayyar ki to Orellana ko us ka naib muqarrar kiya gaya. Yeh muhim "dar chini ke des" ki talash mein nikli thi.

Is muhim ka haal Inca Garcilaso de la Vega (Garcilaso de la Vega) ne likha, jis ka angrezi tarjuma Clements Markham (Clements Markham) ne 1859 mein Hakluyt Society ke liye kiya. Garcilaso ke mutabiq jungle itna ghana tha ke kai jagah kulhadiyon se rasta katna parta, log jari bootiyon aur jadon par guzara karte, aur bhook, thakan aur musalsal barish se bohat se Hispani aur maqami sathi mar gaye. Akhir unhon ne darya paar karne ke liye ek chhota jahaz (brigantine) banane ka faisla kiya. Kailein banane ke liye bhatti lagayi gayi; kuch kailein un ghoron ki naalon se banin jo beemaron ki khuraak ke liye zabah kiye gaye the. Tarkol ki jagah darakhton ki raal lagayi gayi, aur drarein bharne ke liye kambal aur purani qameesein de di gayin.

Assi league, teen din

Garcilaso ke mutabiq do mahine se zyada darya ke sath sath chalne ke baad maqami logon ne bataya ke das din ki masafat par, ek aur bade darya ke sangam par, khuraak se bhari abadi hai. Markham ke hashiye ke mutabiq yeh Darya-e-Coca (Coca) aur Darya-e-Napo (Napo) ka sangam tha. Is waqt tak muhim ke char hazar aadmiyon mein se do hazar mar chuke the. Britannica ke mutabiq Pizarro ne Orellana ko isi chhote jahaz aur pachas sipahiyon ke sath aage bheja taake khuraak la sake.

Garcilaso ke baqaul Orellana ne assi league ka fasla teen din mein, chappu ya badban ke baghair, sirf bahao ke sahare tay kar liya, magar wahan wade ke mutabiq khuraak na mili, aur tez bahao ke khilaf wapas jana taqriban namumkin tha. Us ke baad kya hua, is par purane muarrikhin muttafiq nahin: Garcilaso ise Pizarro ko chhor dena kehta hai; muarrikh Antonio de Herrera (Antonio de Herrera) likhta hai ke baaz ke nazdeek woh ijazat ke baghair aage gaye aur baaz ke nazdeek ijazat se; aur Britannica ke mutabiq us ke sathiyon ne use qail kiya ke wapsi namumkin hai. Baharhal woh darya ke sath aage barh gaye.

Bhook, kailein aur ek naya jahaz

Orellana ke safar ka asal chashm deed bayan ek padri Gaspar de Carvajal (Gaspar de Carvajal) ne likha. Markham ne is safar ka haal Hispani muarrikh Herrera ki "Tareekh-e-Aam" se tarjuma kiya, jis mein Carvajal ke bayanat jagah jagah naqal hain. Herrera ke mutabiq doosre hi din kashti ek behte hue darakht se takrayi aur ek takhta toot gaya; unhon ne kinare par utar kar marammat ki. Bahao ki madad se woh rozana bees pachees league chalte the, magar kai din koi abadi na mili. Khuraak khatam ho gayi to woh chamre ki petiyan aur jooton ka chamra jari bootiyon ke sath ubaal kar khane lage. Herrera ke mutabiq saat sathi bhook se mar gaye.

Akhir ek abadi mili jahan khuraak mili, aur Orellana ne samandar ke safar ke laiq ek naya aur bada jahaz banane ka faisla kiya. Herrera likhta hai ke sab se badi mushkil kailein thin; do aadmiyon ne, jinhon ne yeh kaam kabhi nahin seekha tha, loha dhalna shuru kiya, chamre ke mozon se dhonkni banayi gayi, aur bees din mein do hazar se zyada kailein tayyar ho gayin. Aparia (Aparia) naami ek sardar ke ilaqe mein, jahan logon ne dostana saluk kiya, paintees din ki mehnat se yeh jahaz bana aur pani mein utara gaya; us ki darzein rooyi se bharin gayin aur maqami logon ki di hui raal lagayi gayi.

Kala darya aur be kinar pani

Herrera ke bayan mein darya ke kai manzar aise hain jo aaj bhi pehchane ja sakte hain. Ek jagah bayen taraf se ek darya aa kar mila jis ka pani "siyahi ki tarah kala" tha, aur us ka zor itna tha ke bees league se zyada tak us ka pani bade darya ke pani se alag behta raha. Markham ke hashiye ke mutabiq yeh Darya-e-Negro (Rio Negro) tha. Aage ek jagah darya itna chauda ho gaya ke ek kinare se doosra kinara nazar nahin aata tha.

Raste mein kai abad ilaqe mile. Kahin logon ne khuraak di, kahin jhadpen hui. Ek jhadap mein Carvajal teer lagne se zakhmi hua aur baad mein ek aur teer se us ki ek aankh zaya ho gayi. Herrera ke mutabiq ek jagah Carvajal ne ladne wali lambi, mazboot aurtein dekhne ka dawa kiya; Herrera yeh bayan naql kar ke likhta hai ke woh us ki sehat ka faisla qari par chhorta hai. Britannica ke mutabiq Yunani dastanon ki "Amazon" aurton se isi tashbih ki wajah se ghaliban is darya ka naam Amazon pada.

Samandar tak

Samandar ke qareeb pahunch kar unhein jowar bhata mehsoos hone laga. Herrera likhta hai ke taqriban do sau league tak woh abad jazeeron ke beech safar karte rahe, jahan tak jowar zor se charhta tha. Ek jagah marammat mein atharah din lage kyunke phir se kailein banani parin. Unhon ne ghaas se rassiyan batin aur jin kambalon mein sote the un se badban banaye. Na un ke paas koi rahnuma mallah tha, na qutb numa.

Herrera ke mutabiq 26 August ko woh do jazeeron ke beech se, jo char league ke fasle par the, darya ke dahane se nikal kar samandar mein dakhil hue. Un ke andaze mein dahana pachas league chauda tha aur meetha pani samandar mein bees league se zyada door tak jata tha. Britannica ke mutabiq yeh August 1542 tha. Sahil ke sath shumal ki taraf chalte hue dono kashtiyan raat mein bichhad gayin, aur Herrera ke mutabiq badi kashti 11 September ko jazeera Cubagua (Cubagua) pahunchi, jahan chhoti kashti do din pehle pahunch chuki thi. Carvajal ke hisab se darya ke modon samet unhon ne atharah sau league ka safar kiya tha. Garcilaso ke mutabiq Pizarro aur us ke bache kuche sathi June 1542 mein badi mushkil se Quito laute.

Britannica ke mutabiq Orellana Spain gaya aur is ilaqe ki khoj ka haq manga. Doosri muhim mein raste mein kai jahaz aur aadmi zaya hue, aur taqriban 1546 mein darya ke dahane ke qareeb us ki kashti ulat gayi aur woh doob gaya.

Agli qist: Sidi Ali Reis: Gwadar, Sindh aur Wasat Asia ke raste ghar wapsi.