Nearchus ka bera: Sindh ke delta se Makuran ke sahil ke saath Khaleej-e-Fars tak

Ormara ki unchi chattan, Astola ka veeran jazeera, Pasni aur Gwadar ke machheron ki bastiyan: yeh naam aaj hamare liye sahil-e-Makuran ki pehchan hain. Taqriban dhai hazar saal pehle ek Yunani ameer-ul-bahar ki kashtiyan inhi sahilon ke saath saath chali thin, aur us ne jo roznamcha likha woh Balochistan ke sahil ke qadeem tareen tafseeli bayanat mein se hai. Us ka naam Nearchus tha aur us ka safar Sikandar-e-Azam ki Hindustan se wapsi ka hissa tha.

Pas manzar: Sikandar ka khwab

Doosri sadi eesvi ke Yunani muarrikh Arrian ne apni kitab "Indica" mein yeh safar khud Nearchus ke likhe hue bayan ki bunyad par qalam band kiya. Arrian ke mutabiq Sikandar Hindustan se Fars tak saare sahil ka jaiza chahta tha magar veeran sahilon par bere ki tabahi se darta tha. Aakhir Nearchus ne khud yeh zimmedari mangi.

Sikandar khud fauj le kar khushki ke raste rawana hua. Arrian ki kitab "Anabasis" ke mutabiq woh darya-e-Sindh ke delta ke shehr Patala se chal kar darya-e-Arbius tak pahuncha, Oritae qaum ke ilaqe se guzra, aur phir Gedrosia ke registan mein dakhil hua jahan pyas aur garmi ne us ki fauj ka bara hissa khatam kar diya. Unneesvin sadi ke mutarjim McCrindle likhte hain ke Gedrosia kam o besh Makuran ke barabar tha.

Rawangi: Sindh ka delta aur Karachi ki khaleej

Arrian likhta hai ke Nearchus ne us waqt langar uthaya jab garmiyon ki janoob maghribi monsoon hawa tham gayi, kyunke us Mausam mein hawa samandar se khushki ki taraf chalti hai aur jahaz rani namumkin ho jati hai. McCrindle ke mutabiq yeh 325 qabl masih ki khizan thi.

Bera pehle delta ki nehron mein chala. Ek jagah zer-e-aab chattan ne rasta roka to mallahon ne nali khod kar jahaz guzare. Phir woh Krokala naami retile jazeere par ruke. McCrindle General Cunningham ke hawale se likhte hain ke Krokala Karachi ki khaleej ka ek chota jazeera tha, aur dayen hath par jo pahar "Eros" kehlata tha woh Manora hai. Aage ek mehfooz bandargah ko Nearchus ne "Bandar-e-Sikandar" ka naam diya. Yahan tez samandari hawaon ne unhein chaubees din roke rakha.

Sahil-e-Makuran: Sonmiani se Ormara tak

Agla aham padao darya-e-Arabis ka dahana tha, jahan Arrian ke baqaul Arabi qaum ka ilaqa khatam aur Oritae qaum ka ilaqa shuru hota tha. McCrindle aur Chinnock donon ke mutabiq yeh darya-e-Purali hai jo Lasbela se guzar kar Sonmiani ki khaleej mein girta hai. Kokala ke maqam par Sikandar ke hukm se bere ko das din ka ghalla mila. Isi ilaqe mein Sikandar ke jarnail Leonnatus ne Oritaion ko ek bari lARai mein shikast di thi.

Phir woh darya-e-Tomeros par pahunche. McCrindle ke mutabiq faslon ke hisab se yeh darya-e-Hingol ya us ke qareeb ka koi darya hai. Yahan taqriban chhe sau maqami log aag mein sakht kiye hue neze le kar sahil par saf basta ho gaye. Nearchus ne sipahiyon ko tair kar sahil par utarne ka hukm diya; mukhtasar jhaRap ke baad maqami log bhaag gaye.

Malana par Oritaion ka ilaqa khatam hua; McCrindle ise Ras Malan samajhte hain. Yahan se "Ichthyophagi" yani "machhli khoron" ka sahil shuru hua. Pehla padao Bagisara tha jahan achhi bandargah thi aur sahil se saath stadia andar Pasira naam ka ek chota qasba. McCrindle, unneesvin sadi ke sayyah Kempthorne ke hawale se, Bagisara ko Ormara ki khaleej qarar dete hain.

Astola, Pasni aur Gwadar

Kalybi ke gaon mein khajoor ke chand darakht the aur sahil se sau stadia par Karnine naam ka jazeera tha. Gaon walon ne mehman nawazi mein bheren aur machhliyan pesh kin, aur Nearchus ne likha ke bheron ke gosht mein machhli ka zaiqa tha kyunke wahan ghaas nahin thi aur bheren bhi machhli khati thin. McCrindle ke mutabiq Karnine aaj ka Astola jazeera hai.

Arrian ek aur jazeere "Nosala" ka qissa bhi sunata hai jise maqami log suraj ke naam waqf aur aseeb zada samajhte the; kaha jata tha ke jo wahan utre laut kar nahin aata. Nearchus khud wahan utra aur sabit kiya ke yeh mehz kahani hai. McCrindle ka khayal hai ke Nosala bhi ghaliban Astola hi tha, aur woh Blair naami ek sayyah ka bayan naqal karte hain jise unneesvin sadi mein sahil ki basti "Pasara" ke logon ne khabardar kiya tha ke Astola par jadoo hai; Blair wahan gaya to use bahut se kachhue mile.

Mosarna ki mehfooz bandargah par bere ko pehla maqami rehnuma mila: Hydraces naam ka ek Gedrosi jis ne Kirman tak rasta dikhane ki zimmedari li. McCrindle ke mutabiq Mosarna Pasni ke qareeb tha. Kyiza ke baare mein McCrindle likhte hain ke Batlamyus ke mutabiq yeh Ras Gwadar se chaar sau stadia maghrib mein tha.

Kyiza ke qareeb ek subah samandar se pani ke fawware uthte dekh kar mallah dar gaye aur chappu hath se chhoot gaye. Rehnumaon ne bataya ke yeh whale machhliyan hain. Nearchus ne jahazon ka rukh un ki taraf karwaya; whale ghota laga kar bere ke peechhe ja niklin. Isi sahil ke khate peete log kinare par aa paRne wali whale ki haddiyon se ghar banate the. Rasad ki kami se bera itna tang tha ke Nearchus ne chaal se ek qasbe par qabza kar ke ghalla liya; wahan ke logon ke paas sab se ziyada bhuni hui machhli ka aata tha, gandum aur jau bahut thoRe.

Manzil aur ahmiyat

Arrian ke mutabiq machhli khoron ke sahil ke saath yeh safar taqriban das hazar stadia ka tha, go McCrindle ke baqaul Arrian ke kai faasle mubalaghe amez hain. Roomi musannif Pliny ke khulase ke mutabiq bera Patala se rawangi ke saat mah baad Susa mein Sikandar se mila. Kirman ke sahil par darya-e-Anamis ke dahane par, Hormozia ke sarsabz ilaqe mein, mallahon ko ek Yunani libas wala aadmi mila jo Sikandar ki fauj se bichhaR gaya tha. Nearchus Sikandar se milne gaya to baal baRhe, jism par namak jama aur chehra itna badla hua tha ke Sikandar bhi mushkil se pehchan saka. Arrian likhta hai ke Sikandar ne samjha bera tabah ho gaya hai aur ro paRa; jab pata chala ke jahaz aur log salamat hain to kaha ke yeh khabar use saare Asia ki badshahi se ziyada aziz hai. Aakhirkar bera darya-e-Pasitigris ke raste Susa ke qareeb Sikandar ki fauj se ja mila aur Nearchus ko sone ka taj pehnaya gaya.

Yeh safar Balochistan ki tareekh ke liye ek qeemti dastaweez hai. Kempthorne ne unneesvin sadi mein likha ke machhli khoron ke rehan sehan ka bayan aaj bhi bilkul durust hai. Machhli par guzara, khajoor ke reshon ke jaal, kam pani aur tez lehren: dhai hazar saal pehle ka yeh roznamcha aaj bhi Makuran ke sahil ki pehchan karata hai.