Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Gujranwala ka sardar jis ne Lahore ko daarul hukumat banaya

Attharvin sadi ke aakhir mein Punjab kai chhoti chhoti riyasaton aur sardariyon mein banta hua tha. Mughal saltanat kamzor ho chuki thi, Afghan hukmran baar baar hamle karte the aur Sikh sardar "misalon" ke naam se apne apne ilaqon par qabiz the. Isi mahaul mein Gujranwala ke nawjawan sardar Ranjit Singh (Ranjit Singh) ne 1799 mein Lahore par qabza kiya aur agle chalis baras mein Multan, Kashmir aur Peshawar tak phaili riyasat qaim ki, jis ka daarul hukumat Lahore tha.

Ibtidai zindagi

British muntazim aur muarrikh Sir Lepel Griffin (Lepel Griffin) ke mutabiq Ranjit Singh 1780 mein paida hue. Un ke walid Mahan Singh Sukerchakia misl (Sukerchakia misl) ke sardar the. 1908 ke Imperial Gazetteer (Imperial Gazetteer) ke mutabiq un ki jaye paidaish Gujranwala thi, jis shehar ki ahmiyat un ke walid aur dada ki wajah se barhi thi. Bachpan mein chechak ke baais un ki ek aankh zaya ho gayi aur chehre par us ke nishan reh gaye.

Griffin ke mutabiq 1792 mein jab un ke walid ka intiqal hua to Ranjit Singh ki umar sirf barah baras thi, magar woh us se pehle hi walid ke sath Muhimmat mein shareek ho chuke the.

Lahore tak ka safar

1797 aur 1798 mein Afghan hukmran Shah Zaman ne Punjab par hamle kiye aur Lahore par qabza kar liya. Griffin ke mutabiq wapsi par darya-e-Jhelum ki tughyani mein Shah Zaman ki barah topein phans gayin, aur unhon ne Ranjit Singh se wada kiya ke agar woh yeh topein nikal kar bhijwa dein to unhein Lahore ka ilaqa aur Raja ka khitab diya jaye ga. Ranjit Singh ne aath topein nikal kar Peshawar bhijwa dein aur Shah Zaman ne wada pura kiya. Imperial Gazetteer mein bhi us atiye ka zikr hai.

Us waqt Lahore par teen Sikh sardaron ki aulad ka qabza tha. Griffin ke mutabiq shehar ke log un se nakhush the. July 1799 mein Ranjit Singh ek mazboot fauj ke sath Lahore pahunche, shehar ke darwaze un ke liye khol diye gaye aur donon sardar baghair muzahmat ke shehar chhor gaye. Us waqt Ranjit Singh ki umar unnees baras thi.

1802 mein unhon ne Amritsar bhi Bhangi sardaron se le liya. Griffin ke mutabiq us ka fori sabab mashhoor "Zamzama top" thi, jo Ahmad Shah Abdali ke daur mein Lahore mein dhali gayi thi aur jise dene se Bhangi sardaron ne inkar kar diya tha. Yeh wohi top hai jo aaj Lahore ajaib ghar ke samne khadi hai.

Saltanat ki tausee

1808 mein Ranjit Singh ne darya-e-Sutlej ke paar ke ilaqon mein pesh qadmi ki to East India Company ne mudakhalat ki. Imperial Gazetteer ke mutabiq December 1808 mein Company ne Sutlej ke us paar ki riyasaton ko apni hifazat mein qarar diya, aur April 1809 mein Charles Metcalfe aur Ranjit Singh ke darmiyan muahida hua jis ke tehat Sutlej donon ke darmiyan hadd qarar payi. Griffin ke mutabiq Faqir Aziz-ud-Din ke mashware ne unhein jang se baaz rakha.

Us ke baad un ki tawajjo shumal aur maghrib ki taraf ho gayi. Griffin ke mutabiq 1818 mein Multan fatah hua aur 1819 mein Kashmir un ki saltanat mein shamil hua. Peshawar ka ilaqa 1833 mein Shah Shuja ki jaanib se un ke hawale kiye jane ke baad ek chaal ke zariye hasil kiya gaya.

Fauj aur darbar

Ranjit Singh ka sab se aham kaam un ki fauj ki tanzeem-e-nau samjha jata hai. Griffin ke mutabiq Sikh riwayati taur par ghar sawar jangju the aur piyada fauj ko kam tar samjha jata tha, magar Ranjit Singh ne angrezi fauj ke nazm o zabt ka baghaur mutalea kiya aur isi tarz par baqaida fauj tayyar ki. Us kaam mein Napoleon ki fauj ke do sabiq afsaron, Italian general Ventura (Ventura) aur French general Allard (Allard), ne aham kirdar ada kiya. Ventura ko "Fauj-e-Khas" nami munazzam tareen daste ki command mili.

Un ke darbar mein mukhtalif mazahib ke log aala ohdon par faiz the. Griffin ke mutabiq un ke sab se baaitemad wazeeron mein Faqir Aziz-ud-Din bhi shamil the, jo ek Muslim khandan se talluq rakhte the. 1799 mein Lahore par qabze ke fauran baad Ranjit Singh aankhon ki takleef mein mubtila hue to nawjawan Aziz-ud-Din ne un ka ilaj kiya, aur baad mein woh un ke zati mualij aur phir wazir-e-kharija bane. Kai aham ohdedar Hindu bhi the.

Koh-e-Noor

Griffin ke mutabiq mashhoor heera Koh-e-Noor Afghan hukmran Shah Shuja ke pas tha, jo jilawatni mein Lahore aaye. Us ke husool ki do riwayaat hain: Sikh waqai nigaron ke mutabiq yeh hifazat ke badle diya gaya, jabke Shah Shuja ke mutabiq un se dabao ke zariye liya gaya. Griffin ke mutabiq yeh heera 1849 tak Lahore mein raha.

Lahore ki yaadgarein

Imperial Gazetteer ke mutabiq Ranjit Singh ke daur mein Lahore ek baar phir ek khushhal riyasat ka markaz bana. Unhon ne Shalamar Bagh ki marammat karwayi aur Lahore ke shahi qile aur Badshahi Masjid ke darmiyan khuli jagah, yani aaj ke Hazuri Bagh, mein ek khubsurat baradari tameer karwayi, jise Gazetteer ne "waqai khubsurat" qarar diya hai.

Androon shehar ke shimali sire par Badshahi Masjid aur shahi qile ke pehlu mein Ranjit Singh ki samadhi hai, jis ki gol chhat aur bahar nikli hui balconiyan door se nazar aati hain. Gazetteer ke mutabiq yeh imarat Hindu aur Muslim tarz-e-tameer ka imtizaj hai aur Sikh daur ki aakhri tameeraat mein shumar hoti hai. Un ki raakh ka ek hissa Gujranwala mein bhi ek gumbad ke neeche mahfooz hai, jahan un ke walid Mahan Singh ka maqbara bhi hai.

Aakhri ayyam

Griffin ke mutabiq 1834 mein Ranjit Singh par falij ka hamla hua aur 1838 mein doosra hamla hua. Aakhri bimari ke dauran Faqir Aziz-ud-Din un ke mualij ke taur par musalsal un ke sath rahe. Unhon ne apne bete Kharak Singh ko jaanasheen muqarrar kiya aur 27 June 1839 ko Lahore mein intiqal kar gaye.

Un ki wafat ke baad ke baras, Griffin ke alfaz mein, "toofan aur intishar" ka daur the, jin mein takht kai baar badla. Imperial Gazetteer ke mutabiq doosri Anglo Sikh jang ke ikhtitam par 29 March 1849 ko kam sin Maharaja Dalip Singh ne hukumat angrezon ke hawale kar di.

Ranjit Singh ke baad un ki riyasat das baras bhi qaim na reh saki, magar Hazuri Bagh ki baradari aur shahi qile ke pehlu mein khadi samadhi aaj bhi Lahore ki tareekh ke is baab ki gawah hain.