Mir Nasir Khan Noori: Kalat ki riyasat ka muntazim aur sipah salar

Atharvin sadi esvi ke wasat mein jab Iran mein Nadir Shah ki saltanat bikhar rahi thi aur Afghanistan mein Ahmad Shah Durrani ek nayi taqat ban kar ubhar raha tha, Balochistan ke pahari shehar Kalat mein ek hukmaran takht par baitha jis ne is khitte ke qabail ko ek munazzam riyasat ki shakl di. Yeh Mir Muhammad Nasir Khan awwal (Mir Nasir Khan I) the, jo Ahmadzai khandan ke satven khan the aur taqriban 1750 se 1790 ki dahai ke wasat tak hukmaran rahe. 1908 ke Imperial Gazetteer ke mutabiq Brahui unhein "azeem" ke laqab se yaad karte hain aur woh un ki tareekh ke hero hain.

Pas manzar: Ahmadzai khandan

Imperial Gazetteer of India (Balochistan) ke mutabiq Kalat ke Ahmadzai khan Mirwari qabile se the, aur khandan ka naam Mir Ahmad ke naam par para jo 1666 ke lagbhag barsar-e-iqtidar aaye. Un ke janasheenon ne Sibi, Zhob aur Makuran ki taraf Muhimmat kin. Mir Abdullah Khan, jinhein Gazetteer is khandan ka sab se bara fateh kehta hai, Kachhi mein Kalhoron se larte hue mare gaye.

Un ke janasheen Mir Mohabbat Khan ke daur mein Nadir Shah Iran ka hukmaran bana. Gazetteer ke mutabiq 1740 mein Nadir Shah ne Mir Abdullah ke khoon ke muawze ke taur par Kachhi ka zarkhez ilaqa Kalat ko de diya. Mohabbat Khan aur un ke bhai Nasir Khan ne yahan ki zameenein qabail mein is shart par taqseem kin ke woh khan ki fauj ke liye muqarrara tadad mein musallah aadmi faraham karenge.

Iqtidar tak rasai

British afsar Henry Pottinger (Henry Pottinger) ne 1810 mein Kalat ka safar kiya aur 1816 mein apni kitab mein wahan ki tareekh maqami rivayat ki bunyad par likhi. Un ke mutabiq Nasir Khan Nadir Shah ke sath Delhi ki muhim par gaye the aur apni bahaduri aur samajh boojh se Nadir Shah ko mutasir kiya. Kalat wapsi par unhon ne apne bare bhai ki jagah iqtidar sambhala, jin ki sakht geer hukumat se Pottinger ke baqaul log tang aa chuke the.

Imperial Gazetteer ke mutabiq Nasir Khan pehle hukmaran the jinhein Afghan badshahon ki taraf se "Beglar Begi" (sardaron ka sardar) aur "Wali-e-Kalat" ke khitabat mile.

Riyasat ki tanzeem

Gazetteer un ke 44 salah daur ko "sakht mehnat wale intezam aur tanzeem" ka zamana qarar deta hai. Brahui qabail do bare hisson mein bate hue the: Kalat ke shimal mein Sarawan aur junub mein Jhalawan. Gazetteer ke mutabiq in qabail ko ek wafaq ki shakl Nasir Khan ne di: har qabila muqarrara tadad mein musallah aadmi faraham karne ka paband tha, aur qabilon ke aapas ke tanazeat hukmaran ke samne pesh kiye jate the.

Pottinger ke mutabiq Nasir Khan ne takht sambhalte hi tijarati saman par mahsool kam kiye aur ghoron aur maweshiyon par chungi khatam kar di. Unhon ne Shikarpur aur dusre tijarati shehron ke Hindu tajiron ko Kalat mein abad hone ki dawat di aur unhein apne mazhab par azadi se amal karne ki ijazat di. Phir unhon ne qabaili dasta jama kar ke Khuzdar, Panjgur, Kech, Qasrqand, Dizak aur Kharan ka daura kiya aur raste mein har suba ka intezam durust kiya. Kalat wapas aa kar unhon ne shehar ki maujooda faseel tameer karai aur wadi mein apne kharch par bagh lagwaye jin ke liye phaldar darakht Kabul aur Iran se mangwaye gaye. Woh har saal sardiyon ka kuch hissa Kachhi mein guzarte the, aur yeh rivayat un ke bete ke daur tak jari rahi.

Gazetteer ke mutabiq un ka daur un andaruni khana jangiyon se pak raha jin se Kalat ki baad ki tareekh bhari hui hai.

Makuran aur Gwadar

Nasir Khan ki sab se taweel Muhimmat Makuran mein thin, jahan us waqt Gichki khandan ka asar tha. Imperial Gazetteer ke mutabiq unhon ne Makuran ki taraf nau Muhimmat kin. 1907 ke Makuran Gazetteer ke mutabiq yeh Muhimmat kamyabi aur nakami donon se dochar rahin, aur akhirkar ek samjhota hua jis ke tahat ilaqe ka intezam Gichkiyon ke pas raha aur aadha mahsool har saal Kalat ko jane laga. Gazetteer ke mutabiq yeh samjhota ghaliban 1778 se pehle tay paya.

Isi daur mein Muscat ke hukmaran ke bhai Syed Sultan apne khandan se ikhtilaf ke baad Makuran aaye aur Nasir Khan se rabita kiya. Makuran Gazetteer ke mutabiq Nasir Khan ne Gwadar ke mahsool mein se Kalat ka hissa un ke guzare ke liye de diya.

Afghan badshah se taluqat

Pottinger ke mutabiq 1747 mein Nadir Shah ke qatl ke baad Nasir Khan ne Ahmad Shah Durrani ko badshah tasleem kiya. 1758 mein donon ke darmiyan jang hui. Pehle Nasir Khan ne Ahmad Shah ki bheji hui fauj ko shikast di, magar jab badshah khud aaya to Mastung ki larai mein Nasir Khan ko peeche hatna para. Imperial Gazetteer ke mutabiq is ke baad Kalat ne Ahmad Shah ke teen hamle pasa kiye.

Pottinger ke mutabiq akhirkar ek moahida hua jis ke tahat khan koi kharaj nahin dega, magar talab kiye jane par apni fauj badshah ke lashkar mein bheje ga, aur Afghanistan ki kisi khana jangi mein hissa nahin le ga.

Baad ke barson mein Nasir Khan Ahmad Shah ki Muhimmat mein shareek rahe. Pottinger ke mutabiq 1761-1762 mein woh Lahore ke qareeb ek larai mein maujood the, aur 1769 ke lagbhag Khurasan mein Mashhad aur Tabas ki laraiyon mein un ke Baloch sawaron ne numayan kirdar ada kiya. Is ke sile mein Ahmad Shah ne Shal (maujooda Quetta) aur Mastung ke Azla aur darya-e-Sindh ke mashriqi kinare par Harand Dajal ka ilaqa unhein de diya.

Akhri ayyam aur wirsa

Pottinger ke mutabiq Nasir Khan ka intiqal June 1795 mein bohat bari umr mein hua. Un ke pasmandgan mein teen bete aur panch betiyan thin, aur un ke bare bete Mahmood Khan, jin ki umr us waqt taqriban chaudah baras thi, khan bane. Gazetteer ke mutabiq Mahmood Khan ka daur baghawaton ki nazar ho gaya, aur Pottinger likhte hain ke Nasir Khan ki wafat ke baad Sindh ke umra ne Karachi ki bandargah par qabza kar liya aur kai door daraz suba khan ki itaat se nikal gaye.

Pottinger ke mutabiq un ka naam Balochistan ke logon mein insaf ki ek zarb ul misal ban chuka tha. Imperial Gazetteer unhein "dana aur qabil muntazim" kehta hai jo bunyadi taur par ek sipahi aur fateh the.

Mir Nasir Khan ka daur Kalat ki riyasat ke urooj ka zamana samjha jata hai. Unhon ne qabail ko ek nizam mein joda, tijarat ko farogh diya aur Makuran se Kachhi tak apna asar qaim kiya, aur un ke baad aane wale khanon ke daur mein riyasat ka yeh phailao barqarar na reh saka.