Yusuf bin Tashfin: Marrakesh shehar ka bani

Shumali Africa ke mulk Marrakesh (Morocco) ka naam dar asal ek shehar ke naam se nikla hai: Marrakesh (Marrakesh), jo Koh-e-Atlas ke daman mein ek wasee maidan mein abad hai. Britannica ke mutabiq yeh shehar gyarahwin sadi ke wasat mein Almoravids (Almoravids) ke hukmran Yusuf bin Tashfin (Yusuf ibn Tashfin) ne basaya. Yusuf ne 1061 se 1106 tak hukumat ki, aur Britannica ke mutabiq apne daur mein unhon ne Almoravids ki chhoti aur ghair mehfooz amaldari ko ek wasee saltanat mein badal diya.

Sahra ke Berber

Britannica ke mutabiq Almoravids Sahra-e-Azam ke Berber qabail Lamtuna, Judala aur Musoofa ka ek ittehad the, jo Sanhaja qabile ki shakhen thin. Yusuf bin Tashfin isi Berber nasl se the, aur Britannica unhein ek behtareen sipah salar aur sada zindagi guzarne wala shakhs batata hai, jo apni misal se apne sathiyon ko mutasir karta tha.

Qiyadat ki muntaqili

1061 mein Almoravids ke sarbarah Abu Bakr ko Sahra mein ek qabaili baghawat se nimatne ke liye junoob jana pada. Britannica ke mutabiq unhon ne shumal mein apni fauj ki kaman apne chacha zad Yusuf bin Tashfin ke supurd ki. Yusuf itne maqbool ho gaye ke jab Abu Bakr wapas aaye to unhon ne iqtidar Yusuf hi ke paas rehne diya.

Marrakesh shehar ki bunyad

Yusuf ka sab se derpa kaam Marrakesh shehar ki bunyad hai. Britannica is ka zamana taqriban 1062 batata hai, jabke UNESCO ke mutabiq Almoravids ne yeh shehar 1070 aur 1072 ke darmiyan basaya. Britannica ke mutabiq yeh shehar 1147 tak Almoravids ka daral hukumat raha.

UNESCO ke mutabiq Marrakesh taweel arse tak ek siyasi, maashi aur saqafati markaz raha aur is ka asar Shumali Africa se Andalus tak poore maghribi islami khitte mein mehsoos kiya gaya. Is ki faseelein, bade darwaze, qasba aur bagh’at isi ibtidai daur ki yaad dilate hain.

Shehar ki zindagi ka ek aham hissa pani ka intizam tha. Britannica ke mutabiq Almoravids ke daur mein abpashi ka jo nizam banaya gaya, woh aaj bhi shehar ke baghat ko pani deta hai. Marrakesh apne baghat ke liye mashhoor hai; Britannica ke mutabiq in mein Menara ka zaitoon ka bagh aur chaar sau hectare se zyada raqbe par phaila hua Agdal ka bagh namayan hain.

Saltanat ki wusat

Britannica ke mutabiq Yusuf ne taqriban poora Morocco aur maghribi Algeria, Algiers shehar tak, apni hukumat mein shamil kar liya. 1086 mein jazeera numa Iberia mein Zallaqah (al-Zallaqah) ke maqam par unhon ne Castile ke badshah Alfonso shashum ki fauj ko shikast di, jis se Britannica ke mutabiq Castile ki pesh qadmi ruk gayi. Is ke baad woh Marrakesh wapas chale gaye, magar 1089 mein dobara Andalus aaye.

Britannica ke mutabiq un ki wafat ke waqt un ki saltanat mein maujooda Morocco aur Algeria ke bade hisse, jazeera numa Iberia ka Muslim ilaqa shumal mein Fraga (Fraga) tak, aur Bahira-e-Room ke jazair Mayorca, Minorca aur Ibiza shamil the.

Africa aur Andalus ka milap

Is siyasi ittehad ke saqafati nataij Yusuf ke baad zyada wazeh hue. Britannica ke mutabiq un ke bete Ali bin Yusuf (1106–1142) ke daur mein Spain aur Africa ka rishta aur mazboot hua: intizami dhancha Andalusi namune par bana, adeeb aur fankar Abnaye Jabal-ul-Tariq paar kar ke aane jane lage, aur Ali ki banwai hui imaratein khalis Andalusi fan ka namuna baniin. Marrakesh shehar is tabadle ka markaz tha.

Wafat

Britannica ke mutabiq Yusuf bin Tashfin ka intiqal 1106 mein hua. Un ke baad un ke bete Ali bin Yusuf hukmran bane. Almoravids ki hukumat 1147 tak qaim rahi, jab Marrakesh shehar Almohads (Almohads) ke hath aaya.

Wirsa

Britannica ke mutabiq Marrakesh shehar ne baad mein is poori mamlikat ko apna naam diya jis ka woh taweel arse tak daral hukumat raha. Almoravids ke baad Almohads, Saadi aur Alawi khandanon ne bhi is shehar mein imaratein banwain, aur 1985 mein UNESCO ne Marrakesh ke purane shehar (Medina) ko alami wirsa qarar diya. Is shehar ki bunyad aaj bhi Yusuf bin Tashfin ke naam se juri hai.