Sidi Ali Reis: Gwadar, Sindh aur Wasat Asia ke raaste ghar wapsi

1554 mein Usmani bahria ka ek ameer-ul-bahr Basra se pandrah jangi kashtiyan le kar Misr ki taraf rawana hua. Use maloom na tha ke woh apna beda kho dega aur ghar pahunchne ke liye use Gujarat, Sindh, Punjab, Kabul, Samarkand, Khwarazm aur Iran se guzarna parega. Yeh Sidi Ali Reis (Seydi Ali Reis) the, aur is safar ki kahani unhon ne khud "Mirat-ul-Mamalik" yaani "Mulkon ka aaina" ke naam se likhi.

Malah khandan ka adeeb

Hungary ke mustashriq Arminius Vambery (Arminius Vambery) ne 1899 mein is kitab ka English tarjuma shaya kiya. Is mein shamil Turk nashir ke deebache ke mutabiq Sidi Ali ke baap dada Istanbul ke ilaqe Galata (Galata) mein sarkari jahaz sazi ke karkhane ke nigran rahe the. Woh khud Bahira-e-Room ki kai bahri muhimmat mein shareek reh chuke the, astarlab aur jahaz rani par risale likh chuke the aur "Katibi Rumi" ke qalmi naam se shayari karte the.

Sidi Ali likhte hain ke Aleppo mein unhein Misr ke bahri bede ka ameer-ul-bahr bana kar hukm diya gaya ke Basra mein khari pandrah galleys (galleys) wapas Misr le aayein. Woh 7 December 1553 ko Aleppo se chale aur February 1554 ke shuru mein Basra pahunche, jahan unhein mausami hawaon yaani monsoon ka intezar karna para.

Gwadar mein pani aur rehnuma

Basra se nikalne ke baad Hormuz aur Muscat ke qareeb Portugali bedon se do baar samna hua aur kai kashtiyan zaya ho gayin. Phir hawa unhein khule samandar mein le gayi. Sidi Ali ke mutabiq woh Jask ke sahil par pahunche, do din bandargah dhoondte rahe aur phir Kech Makuran ke qareeb aaye. Peene ka pani khatam ho chuka tha aur khushk garm hawa se amle ke kai log jaan se gaye.

Woh likhte hain ke ek maqami kashti ke nakhuda ne unhein pani diya aur sath le kar Gwadar ki bandargah mein aaya. Un ke baqol yahan ke log Baloch the aur un ke sardar Malik Jalaluddin bin Malik Dinar the. Gwadar ke hakim ne un ki madad ki, aur sardar ne un ki darkhast par ek tajurba kaar samandari rehnuma (pilot) bheja, jis ke sath woh dobara Yemen ki taraf rawana hue.

"Hathi toofan"

Kai din baad, Zafar ke samne, maghrib se ek zabardast toofan utha jise Sidi Ali "Feel Toofani" yaani hathi toofan likhte hain. Un ke mutabiq yeh das din chalta raha aur unhon ne ek bar bhi neela aasman nahin dekha. Woh likhte hain: "In toofanon ke muqable mein maghribi samandaron ka kharab mausam bachon ka khel hai." Sara bojh samandar mein phenkna para aur patwar ke har rasse par char char aadmi lage.

Ek jagah pani achanak safed ho gaya aur rehnuma pukar utha ke bhanwar qareeb hain. Aakhir kar jahaz Gujarat ke sahil par Daman (Daman) ki bandargah se taqriban do meel door ja laga. Panch din raat woh barish aur tez lehron mein pare rahe; na din ko sooraj dikhai diya na raat ko sitare, is liye na gharri kaam aayi na qutb numa. Woh Basra se nikalne ke poore teen mahine baad Surat pahunche.

Gujarat se Sindh tak

Beda ab samandar ke qabil na raha tha. Sidi Ali ne kashtiyan maqami hakim ke hawale kin aur taqriban pachas sathiyon ke sath November 1554 ke aakhir mein Ahmedabad ki taraf chale. Turk nashir ke mutabiq Ahmedabad mein unhon ne "Muheet" naam ki kitab likhi; Turkey ki wizarat-e-saqafat bhi is ka saal 1554 batati hai. Is kitab mein Bahr-e-Hind ki jahaz rani ke aadad hain, jin se baad mein ek naqsha banaya gaya jis mein fasle darjon ke bajaye "usba" yaani ungliyon mein nape gaye hain.

Ahmedabad se "Bhat" kehlane wale do muhafiz sath kiye gaye, jin ka kaam musafiron ko bahifazat ek ilaqe se doosre tak pahunchana tha. Qafila Radhanpur se hota hua Parkar pahuncha, jise Vambery Nagar Parkar likhte hain. Mazeed das din registan mein chal kar woh Sindh ke sarhadi qasbe Wanga aaye. Us waqt Sindh ke hakim Shah Hussain Mirza the, jo bimari ki wajah se darya-e-Sindh par kashti mein safar karte the. Mulk mein khana jangi thi, is liye Sidi Ali kai hafte Thatta ke aas paas ruke rahe. Phir unhon ne kashtiyon mein darya ke bahao ke khilaf safar kiya aur darya mein bari machhliyon aur kinaron par sheron ka zikr kiya. Woh Bakhar pahunche, jahan ke hakim Sultan Mahmood ne dhai sau unt sawaron ka dasta sath diya. Registan mein ek chashma sookha mila aur kai sathi pyas se nidhal ho gaye. Wahan se woh Uch gaye aur 15 Ramzan ko Multan pahunche.

Humayun ka darbar

Shawwal ke shuru mein woh Lahore aur Zilqad ke aakhir mein Delhi pahunche. Sidi Ali likhte hain ke shahenshah Humayun ne ameeron ko char sau hathiyon ke sath un ke istaqbal ko bheja. Humayun ne unhein barishon ka mausam khatam hone tak rok liya aur kaha ke is douran sooraj aur chand grahan ka hisab lagayein aur darbar ke mahireen-e-falakiyat ki madad karein. Un ki Turki ghazlein sun kar Humayun ne unhein Wasat Asia ke shayar Mir Ali Sher Nawai ka saani kaha.

Wapsi ki ijazat mil chuki thi ke ek sham Humayun mahal ki seedhiyon se gir kar shadeed zakhmi hue aur Sidi Ali ke mutabiq teesre din inteqal kar gaye. Un ke baad Jalaluddin Akbar takht par baithe, aur Sidi Ali ne un se ijazat le kar Kabul jane wale ameeron ke sath safar shuru kiya.

Khyber, Hindukush aur Samarkand

Kai darya paar kar ke woh Peshawar pahunche aur Darra-e-Khyber se guzre. Woh likhte hain ke pahadon mein unhon ne do gainde dekhe, har ek chhote hathi jitna. Kabul unhein "ek khoobsurat shehar" laga jis ke gird barf posh pahad aur behte pani wale bagh the. Hakim-e-Kabul ne kaha ke Hindukush ke darre barf se band hain, magar maqami rehnumaon ki madad se woh ek hi din mein darra paar kar gaye.

Phir woh Andarab, Badakhshan aur Kolab se hote hue Shaban ke shuru mein Samarkand pahunche, jise woh "ek mukammal jannat" kehte hain. Wahan se Bukhara, Khiva aur Khwarazm gaye. Qafile ne bhed ki khaal ke libas pehen kar ek mahine se zyada Dasht-e-Qipchaq mein safar kiya, magar khabar mili ke Astrakhan Russiyon ke qabze mein ja chuka hai aur rasta band hai. Nachar woh Khwarazm laute aur Khorasan ka rukh kiya.

Iran se Istanbul

964 Hijri ki pehli Muharram ko woh Mashhad pahunche. Is se pehle Tus mein unhon ne Farsi shayar Firdausi ki qabr dekhi. Neshapur, Damghan, Semnan aur Rey se guzar kar woh Iran ke us waqt ke daar-ul-hukumat Qazvin aaye. Shah Tahmasp ne un ke kagzat janchne ke baad unhein ziyafat di aur sardiyon mein Van ke kathin raste ke bajaye Baghdad ke raste jane ki ijazat di.

Baghdad ke baad woh Sivas pahunche aur 964 Hijri ke mah-e-Rajab mein Istanbul laut aaye. Sultan us waqt Edirne mein the aur Sidi Ali doosre hi din wahan hazir hue. Woh likhte hain: "Char saal guzar gaye; bahut se gham aur museebat, bahut si mehroomiyon aur pareshaniyon ke saal." Un ke mutabiq kitab isi saal Shaban mein Galata mein mukammal hui; Turkey ki wizarat-e-saqafat is ka saal 1557 batati hai. Un ki wafat ke saal mein ikhtilaf hai: wizarat-e-saqafat 1562 likhti hai, jabke Turk nashir ke deebache mein 980 Hijri (1572) darj hai.

Agli qist: Francis Drake: duniya ka doosra chakkar.