Abel Tasman: Tasmania aur New Zealand

1642 mein Dutch East India Company ke do chote jahaz Java ke shehr Batavia (aaj ka Jakarta) se ek ajeeb maqsad le kar nikle: yeh maloom karna ke naqshon ke neeche, junoob mein, kitni badi namaloom zameen phaili hui hai. Un ke salar Abel Tasman (Abel Tasman) the. Das mahine baad jab woh laute to unhon ne do aisi zameenein dekh li thin jo is se pehle kisi European naqshe par nahin thin: Tasmania aur New Zealand.

Groningen ka malah

James Backhouse Walker (James Backhouse Walker) ne 1895 mein Royal Society of Tasmania ke samne Tasman ki zindagi par ek maqala parha. Un ke mutabiq Tasman 1603 mein Holland ke soobe Groningen ke chote se gaon Lutjegast (Lutjegast) mein paida hue. Woh Dutch East India Company mein malah ke taur par mashriq aaye aur kai samandari Muhimmat kar chuke the.

Batavia ke governor general Anthony van Diemen (Anthony van Diemen) ne yeh muhim bheji. Walker ke mutabiq is mein do jahaz the: "Heemskerck" (Heemskerck) jis par saath aadmi the, aur is se chota, halka aur tez raftar "Zeehaen" (Zeehaen) jis par pachas.

Mauritius se junoob ki taraf

Tasman ka roznamcha aaj bhi maujood hai, aur British navy ke captain James Burney (James Burney) ne 1813 mein is ka angrezi tarjuma apni kitab mein shamil kiya. Is ke mutabiq jahaz 14 August 1642 ko Batavia se rawana hue aur 5 September ko Mauritius (Mauritius) pahunche. 1911 ke Encyclopaedia Britannica ke mutabiq woh 8 October tak wahan ruke. Wahan se jahaz bohat junoob mein, taqriban 49 degree arz balad tak gaye aur phir mashriq ki taraf mure. Tasman raste bhar qutb numa ki Sui ke inhiraf ko baqaidagi se naapte rahe, aur jahan samandar ki badi lehrein junoob maghrib se aatin, wahan nateeja nikalte ke is taraf koi zameen nahin.

"Van Diemen ki zameen"

24 November 1642 ko unhein ek sahil nazar aaya. Tasman likhte hain: "Chunke yeh zameen is se pehle kisi European ko maloom na thi, hum ne ise apne aala hakim governor general ke ezaz mein Anthony van Diemen ki zameen kaha." Yahi jazira baad mein Tasmania (Tasmania) kehlaya.

2 December ko ek kashti pani ki talash mein sahil par gayi. Malahon ne insani awazein aur bigul ya chote ghariyal jaisi awaz suni, magar koi nazar na aaya. Unhon ne bohat unche darakht dekhe jin ki chaal mein paanch paanch feet ke faasle par seerhi jaise nishan kate hue the, taake upar parindon ke ghonslon tak pahuncha ja sake. Roznamche ke mutabiq malahon ne socha ke ya to yahan ke log bohat lambe hain ya darakht par charhne ka koi khas tareeqa jante hain. Ret par kisi janwar ke panjon ke nishan bhi mile. 1911 ke Britannica ke mutabiq Tasman ko yeh maloom na ho saka ke Tasmania ek jazira hai.

"Staten Land"

Tasmania se woh mashriq ki taraf barhe. 13 December 1642 ko roznamche ke mutabiq unhein "ek badi unchi zameen" nazar aayi, jis ke pahadon ki chotiyan badlon mein chhupi thin. Tasman ne ise "Staten Land" (Staten Land) ka naam diya, kyunke un ka khayal tha ke shayad yeh junoobi America ke qareeb isi naam ki zameen se jari ho aur kisi bade junoobi barre-azam ka hissa ho. Burney ke mutabiq baad mein jab yeh khayal ghalat sabit hua to is ka naam badal kar New Zealand (New Zealand) rakha gaya.

Sahil ke saath shimal ki taraf chalte hue 18 December ko unhon ne ek khuli khaleej mein langar dala. Walker ke mutabiq yeh aaj ki Golden Bay (Golden Bay) hai. Raat ko kinare par roshniyan nazar aayin aur do kashtiyan qareeb aayin jin ke log buland awaz mein pukarte aur ek baja bajate rahe; jawab mein jahaz se bigul bajaya gaya. Tasman likhte hain ke in logon ke baal sar ke upar bandhe the jin mein ek bara safed par laga tha, aur un ki kashtiyan do lambi patli dongiyan thin jinhein jor kar upar baithne ke takhte lagaye gaye the.

19 December ko Zeehaen ki ek kashti aur maqami Maori kashtiyon ke darmiyan jharap hui jis mein Zeehaen ke chaar malah jaan se gaye. Walker ke mutabiq kharab Mausam aur is waqiye ki wajah se Tasman New Zealand ki sarzameen par kabhi nahin utre. 6 January 1643 ko shimali sire ke qareeb ek jazire ka naam unhon ne "teen badshahon ka jazira" (Three Kings Island) rakha; wahan pani lene ki koshish tez lehron ki wajah se tark karni pari.

Tonga ke jazire

New Zealand ke baad jahaz shimal mashriq ki taraf barhe aur 21 January 1643 ko do jazeeron ke paas langar andaz hue. Tasman ne bade jazire ka naam "Amsterdam" rakha, kyunke wahan unhein taza khoorak bohat mili, aur chote ka "Middelburg". Burney aur Walker ke mutabiq yeh Tonga ke jazire Tongatapu aur Eua hain.

Roznamche mein yahan ka bayan bohat dostana hai. Teen aadmi ek chhoti kashti mein aaye; jahaz se kapde ka ek tukra pani mein phenka gaya to ek aadmi ne dubki laga kar ise nikala aur shukriye ke taur par kai baar sar par rakha. Badle mein unhon ne seepi se bana machli pakarne ka kanta diya. Phir log safed jhande lehrate hue aaye, darakht ki chaal se bana kapra tohfe mein diya, aur bohat si kashtiyan nariyal le kar aayin, jo purani keelon ke badle diye gaye: ek badi keel ke badle teen chaar nariyal. Ek buzurg sardar jahaz par aaye aur ishare se bataya ke kinare par meetha pani hai. Tasman ne ek aur jazire ka naam "Rotterdam" rakha, jise maqami log "Anamooka" kehte the; wahan se pani aur rasad li gayi.

Fiji ki chatanein aur wapsi

February ke shuru mein jahaz chatanon aur retile kinaron ke ek khatarnak ilaqe mein ja pahunche. Roznamche ke mutabiq 6 February ko woh ek marjani chattan se sirf ek tang raste se nikal sake jo "jahaz ki do lambaiyon jitna" chora tha, aur aas paas atharah unnees jazire the. Tasman ne is giroh ko "Prince William ke jazire" kaha; 1911 ke Britannica ke mutabiq yeh mashriqi Fiji (Fiji) ke jazire hain.

Wahan se woh shimal ki taraf gaye, phir maghrib ki taraf New Guinea ke shimali sahil ke saath chalte rahe aur 15 June 1643 ko Batavia pahunche. Tasman ne roznamcha in alfaz par khatam kiya: "Is khush gawar safar par Khuda ka shukr hai." Walker ke mutabiq das mahine ke is safar mein das aadmi bimari se foot hue, in chaar ke alawa jo Golden Bay mein mare gaye the.

1644 mein Tasman ne New Guinea aur Australia ke shimali sahil ka ek aur safar kiya. 1911 ke Britannica ke mutabiq un ki wafat ki sahih tareekh maloom nahin, albatta woh 1661 se pehle foot ho chuke the.

Agli qist: Vitus Bering: Asia aur America ke darmiyan abnaye.