Balboa: Bahr-ul-Kahil ka pehla European nazara

September 1513 ke aakhri dinon mein ek Spanish sipahi wasti America ke ghane jangalon se nikal kar ek nangi choti par akela chadha aur junoob ki taraf dekha. Neeche, hadd-e-nazar tak, ek neela samundar phaila hua tha. Kisi European ne America ki sarzameen par khare ho kar yeh samundar pehli baar dekha tha. Is shakhs ka naam Vasco Nunez de Balboa (Vasco Nunez de Balboa) tha, aur is samundar ko us ne "Junoobi Samundar" kaha. Aaj hum ise Bahr-ul-Kahil kehte hain.

Qarz daar kisan se basti ke sarbarah tak

Encyclopaedia Britannica ke mutabiq Balboa 1475 mein Spain ke ilaqe Extremadura (Extremadura) mein paida hua aur chhote darje ke umara ke khandan se tha. 1500 mein woh Rodrigo de Bastidas (Rodrigo de Bastidas) ke saath maujooda Colombia ke sahil ki sair ko gaya. Phir woh jazeera Hispaniola mein kheti bari karne laga, magar kamyab na hua aur qarz khwahon se bachne ke liye 1510 mein ek imdadi jahaz mein chhup kar sawar ho gaya.

Isi muhim mein Balboa ke mashware par nau-abadkar khaleej Uraba (Uraba) paar kar ke Panama ki tang khushki ke ilaqe Darien (Darien) mein ja base, jahan unhon ne Santa Maria de la Antigua (Santa Maria de la Antigua) ki basti basai. Britannica ise barr-e-azam par pehli paaedar Spanish basti kehta hai. Jald hi Balboa is basti ka sarbarah ban gaya, aur December 1511 mein Spain ke badshah ne ise arzi governor muqarrar kar diya. Yahin maqami logon ne ise bataya ke pahadon ke paar junoob mein ek aur samundar hai.

Rawangi: 190 aadmi aur jangal ka rasta

Britannica ke mutabiq yaum September 1513 ko Balboa Santa Maria se behri raste rawana hua taake khushki ke sab se tang hisse se paar ja sake. Is ke saath 190 Spanish aur saikron maqami bar bardar the.

Is safar ka sab se purana tafseeli bayan Italian muarrikh Peter Martyr (Peter Martyr d'Anghiera) ki kitab "De Orbe Novo" (De Orbe Novo) mein hai, jis ka English tarjuma F. A. MacNutt (F. A. MacNutt) ne 1912 mein kiya. Martyr likhta hai ke Balboa ne ek chhota jahaz (brigantine) aur darakhton ke tanon se khod kar banai gayi das maqami kashtiyan saath leen, aur pehle apne ek maqami halif ke ilaqe mein utra. Wahan se paidal pahadon ki taraf barha. Ek aur maqami sardar, Poncha (Poncha), ne ise rahnuma aur bar bardar diye jo aage aage chal kar rasta kaatte the.

Na-hamwar zameen aur pachees din

Martyr ke baqaul is ilaqe mein sarken naam ko na thin, kyunke maqami log door daraaz kam hi aate jaate the; un ke mukhbir sirf chhupi hui pagdandiyan jaante the. Qafila tang ghatiyon se guzra jahan jangli janwar the, aur seedhi charhai wale pahadon par chadha. Kai bare darya arzi pulon se ya ek kinare se dusre kinare tak shahteer daal kar paar kiye gaye.

Martyr likhta hai ke Poncha ke gaon se is jagah tak, jahan se Junoobi Samundar nazar aata hai, aam halaat mein chhe din ka rasta hai, magar Balboa ko yeh fasla tay karne mein pachees din lage. Musalsal thakan aur sakhtiyon se kai saathi beemar ho gaye jinhen raste ki ek basti, Quarequa (Quarequa), mein chhorna para. MacNutt ke hashiye ke mutabiq aakhri charhai mein Balboa ke saath 66 aadmi reh gaye the.

"Dekho, woh samundar!"

Martyr ke mutabiq October ki pehli tareekh se saat din pehle, yani 25 September 1513 ko, Quarequa ke ek rahnuma ne Balboa ko ek choti dikhai jahan se Junoobi Samundar nazar aata tha. Balboa ne qafile ko rukne ka hukm diya aur akela upar chadha taake sab se pehle wahi is manzar ko dekhe. Phir us ne haath ke ishare se saathiyon ko bulaya, aur Martyr ke alfaz mein kaha: "Dekho, woh samundar jis ki hamein itni arzoo thi!" Saathi khushi se naare lagane lage.

Is din ki yaadgar ke taur par unhon ne pattharon ke dher banaye aur choti ki donon dhalanon par darakhton ke tanon par Spain ke badshah ka naam kanda kiya. MacNutt ke hashiye ke mutabiq Andres Valderrabano (Andres Valderrabano) naami ek sarkari munshi ne is daryaft ki baqaida tehreer likhi jis par sab saathiyon ne dastakhat kiye. Tareekh ke baare mein ek farq hai: Britannica yeh nazara 25 September ya 27 September 1513 ka likhta hai.

Sahil, khaleej aur toofan

Martyr likhta hai ke maqami rahnumaon ki madad se pahad se utar kar sahil tak pahunchne mein chaar din lage. Britannica ke mutabiq Balboa khaleej San Miguel (Gulf of San Miguel) ke kinare pahuncha aur Spain ke badshah ke naam par "Mar del Sur" (Mar del Sur) yani "Junoobi Samundar" aur is ke sahilon par dawa kiya.

Is ke baad Balboa ne maqami logon se nau kashtiyan leen aur assi aadmiyon ke saath khaleej ki sair ko nikla. Martyr ke mutabiq maqami logon ka kehna tha ke yeh khaleej saath meel andar tak jati hai aur jazeeron aur chattanon se bhari hai. Maqami sardar ne khabardar kiya ke saal ke teen mahine, jo October, November aur December bante hain, yahan aise toofan aate hain ke kashti rani mumkin nahin rehti. Balboa na ruka, aur khule pani mein pahunchte hi ek sakht toofan ne unhen aa liya. Unhon ne kashtiyan chattanon se bandhin aur ek qareebi jazeere par panah li, magar raat ko jawar itna chadha ke jazeera taqriban poora doob gaya.

Martyr ne yahan ek dilchasp mushahida likha: Junoobi Samundar mein jawar ke waqt pani itna chadhta hai ke bari bari chattanen chhup jati hain, jabke shumali samundar (Bahira-e-Caribbean) mein sahil ke logon ke baqaul pani bamushkil ek haath utarta chadhta hai. Subah unhon ne dekha ke kashtiyan toot phoot gayi hain aur reth se bhar gayi hain. Unhon ne kaai, darakhton ki chhaal aur sakht samundari ghaas se un ki marammat ki, aur toofan mein saman-e-khoorak beh jane ki wajah se bhookay, tabah haal mallahon ki tarah wapas laute. Britannica ke mutabiq toofanon hi ki wajah se woh Pearl Islands (Pearl Islands) tak na ja sake.

Wapsi aur anjaam

Britannica ke mutabiq Balboa January 1514 mein khushki paar kar ke Santa Maria wapas pahuncha. Junoobi Samundar ki khabar Spain pahunchi to ise "Junoobi Samundar ka Adelantado" (governor) ka khitab mila, magar ise naye governor Pedrarias Davila (Pedrarias Davila) ke matehat rakha gaya. Baad mein us ne bari mehnat se jahaz banwaye, unhen tukron mein pahadon ke paar Bahr-ul-Kahil ke sahil tak pahunchaya aur 1517-1518 mein khaleej San Miguel ki mazeed sair ki. January 1519 mein ek muqadme ke baad Acla (Acla) mein ise saza-e-maut de di gayi.

Balboa ka safar chand hafton ka tha, magar us ne Europe ko pehli baar yeh bataya ke America ki sarzameen ke paar ek aur bara samundar hai. Chhe baras baad ek aur muhim isi samundar ko paar karne nikli.

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