Evliya Celebi: Seyahatname

Satrahvin sadi ke Istanbul mein ek nojawan ko safar ka aisa shauq tha ke woh taqriban chalis baras tak Usmani saltanat aur uske parosi mulkon mein ghoomta raha, aur jo kuch dekha suna use das jildon mein likh dala. UNESCO is kitab ko "Islami adab ka, aur shayad aalami adab ka bhi, sab se taweel aur mufassal safarnama" kehta hai. Yeh Evliya Celebi (Evliya Celebi) ka "Seyahatname" (Seyahatname) hai.

Mahal ke sunar ka beta

World History Encyclopedia ke mutabiq Evliya Celebi 25 March 1611 ko Istanbul ke mohalle Un Kapani mein paida hue. Apni kitab mein woh khud apni paidaish 1020 Hijri ki 10 Muharram likhte hain. Un ke walid Dervish Muhammad Zilli Topkapi mahal ke sunaron ke sarbarah the, is liye khandan ka darbar se qareebi taluq tha.

Unhon ne mahal ke madrase "Enderun" mein khushnaweesi, moseeqi aur zabanen seekhin. World History Encyclopedia ke mutabiq woh arabi, farsi aur yunani jante the aur kuch latini bhi. Sultan Murad IV (Murad IV) se un ki dosti Sultan ki wafat tak qaim rahi.

Pehla safar

Evliya likhte hain ke un ka pehla safar 1050 Hijri (1640) mein hua. Woh ghar walon ko bataye baghair bees doston ke sath Mudania ki ek kashti mein baithe aur Bursa (Bursa) ki taraf rawana hue. Un ke ek dost ne unhen do hafte Bursa ki tareekhi imaraten dekhne ki dawat di thi.

World History Encyclopedia ke mutabiq 1640-1641 hi mein Bahr-e-Aswad ke ek safar mein woh doobte doobte bache. Is ke baad un ki zindagi musalsal safar mein guzri. Un ke ek rishtedar Melek Ahmed Pasha (Melek Ahmed Pasha) un ke sarparast rahe, aur baad mein Koprulu khandan ke wuzara-e-azam bhi un ki sarparasti karte rahe.

Chalis baras, teen barr-e-azam

World History Encyclopedia un ke safaron ke bade marhale yun batata hai:

• 1645-1648: Mashriqi Anatolia, Safavi Iran, Qafqaz aur Sham ka ilaqa.
• 1650-1651: Melek Ahmed Pasha ki mulazmat mein safar.
• 1663-1668: Hungary aur jazira Crete, aur ek safarati wafd ke sath Austria, jahan woh Vienna gaye.
• 1671-1672: Hijaz ka safar, jis ke baad woh Misr mein rehne lage.
• Taqriban 1672 se 1683 tak: Misr, Sudan aur Habsha ke safar, aur sath sath apni kitab ki tayyari.

UNESCO ke mutabiq un ke safar 1640 se 1680 tak, yaani taqriban chalis baras par phaile hue hain.

Das jildein

"Seyahatname" ki har jild kuch khas ilaqon ke bare mein hai. World History Encyclopedia ke mutabiq pehli jild sirf Istanbul aur us ke gird-o-nawah ke bare mein hai. Doosri jild mein Bursa, Anatolia, Trabzon, Erzurum, Qafqaz, Crimea aur Crete hain. Teesri aur chauthi jildon mein Konya, Dimashq, Sofia, Baghdad, Basra, Diyarbakir, Van aur Iran ke hisse hain. Panchwin se aathwin jild tak Balkan, Hungary, Bosnia, Albania, Wallachia, Moldova, Vienna, Crimea, Athens aur Bahr-e-Aegean ke jazire aate hain. Nawin jild Anatolia ke maghribi sahil, Izmir, Rhodes, Halab aur Hijaz ke bare mein hai, aur daswin jild Misr, Qahira, Iskandariya, Sudan aur Habsha ke bare mein.

UNESCO ke mutabiq is kitab mein jughrafia, shehron ki bunawat, intizamia, shehri idare, muashrati aur muashi nizam, lok riwayat aur khwabon ki tabeer tak sab kuch milta hai. Pehli jild mein Evliya Istanbul ke pesha war giroohon ka ek bara juloos bayan karte hain jis mein har pesha ke log alag alag guzarte hain, aur har giroh ki tadad bhi likhte hain; masalan un ke baqaul qehwa khanon ke dastan go (maddah) assi the.

Sach aur kahani

Evliya ka andaz bayaniya hai aur woh mubalghe se nahin ghabrate. World History Encyclopedia ke mutabiq muhaqqiq Robert Dankoff (Robert Dankoff) likhte hain ke Evliya ko arse tak khayali kahaniyan gharne wala aur mubalgha karne wala samjha jata raha, magar haliya tehqeeq ne un ki bahut si baton ko motabar sabit kiya hai. Dankoff ke khayal mein yeh kitab ek aise zehn ki aks hai jo haqiqat nigari aur "ajaib-o-gharaib" ke shauq ke darmiyan aata jata rehta hai.

Isi liye kitab ke kuch hisson par muhaqqiqin muttafiq nahin. World History Encyclopedia ke mutabiq chhati jild mein Holland, Brandenburg aur Sweden ke safaron ka zikr hai jin ki sadaqat par behes hai, aur daswin jild ki afriqi Muhimmat ke baaz bayanat mein khayali anasir milte hain.

Gumshuda qabr aur dobara daryaft

Evliya Celebi ki wafat ki tareekh aur jagah donon maloom nahin. World History Encyclopedia un ka intiqal taqriban 1682 aur 1685 ke darmiyan batata hai, aur un ki qabr ka bhi kisi ko ilm nahin.

Un ki wafat ke baad kitab bari had tak bhula di gayi. Unneesvin sadi mein mustashriq Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall (Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall) ne ise phir se mutaarif karaya aur is ki pehli do jildon ka tarjuma kiya. Un ka angrezi tarjuma "Narrative of Travels in Europe, Asia, and Africa" ke naam se 1834 mein London ke Oriental Translation Fund ne shaya karna shuru kiya.

World History Encyclopedia ke mutabiq 2011 mein un ki paidaish ke chaar sau saal pure hone par UNESCO ne yeh salgirah manayi. 2013 mein UNESCO ne Topkapi mahal ki library aur Suleymaniye kutub khane mein mehfooz "Seyahatname" ke nuskhon ko apni "Yaad-e-Alam" (Memory of the World) fehrist mein shamil kiya.

Agli qist: Abel Tasman: Tasmania aur New Zealand.