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Sui aur sila hua libas: Sardi ke khilaf insan ka hathiyar

Atemad E-Magazine 20 October 2026 · 7 minute ka mutalia

Har ghar mein kahin na kahin ek chhoti si dibiya hoti hai jis mein suiyan aur dhaage rakhe hote hain. Toota button tankna ho ya udhdi silai jodni ho, yahi nanhi si cheez kaam aati hai. Magar kam log jaante hain ke naake wali Sui insan ki qadeem tareen aur sab se kaar-aamad ijadaat mein se ek hai. Is ke ab tak ke qadeem tareen maloom namoone Siberia aur China se mile hain, aur un ki umar 45 se 40 hazar saal ke darmiyan batayi jati hai.

Kapde kab pehne gaye?

Libas ki tareekh ka sab se bada masla yeh hai ke khaal, chamra aur reshe mitti mein gal jate hain. Is liye scientists ne ek anokha rasta nikala: joon. Insan ke sar ki joon aur kapdon mein rehne wali joon alag alag qismein hain, aur kapdon wali joon usi waqt wujood mein aa sakti thi jab insan ne libas pehenna shuru kiya.

2011 mein jaride Molecular Biology and Evolution (Molecular Biology and Evolution) mein Melissa Toups (Melissa Toups) aur un ke sathiyon ne genetic hisab se andaza lagaya ke kapdon ki joon sar ki joon se kam az kam 83 hazar saal pehle, aur mumkina taur par ek lakh 70 hazar saal pehle, alag hui. Un ke mutabiq libas ka istemal ghalibun Africa mein jadeed insanon ke sath shuru hua. Is se pehle ke andaze 40 hazar se 30 lakh saal tak phaile hue the.

Sua: Sui se pehle

Sui se pehle sua aaya, yaani haddi ya pathar ka nokila aujar jis se khaal mein surakh kiya jata. America ke Smithsonian idare ke insani irtiqa ke program ke mutabiq suay ghalibun Africa mein ijad hue aur phir insan unhein thande ilaqon tak le gaye, jahan un se libas mein surakh kiye jate the. Idare ke majmue mein janubi Africa ke Blombos ghaar (Blombos Cave) se milne wale haddi ke suay shamil hain jin ki umar taqriban 77 hazar saal hai.

Surakh ho jaye to is mein se chamre ki patli patti ya janwar ki nas guzar kar do tukdon ko joda ja sakta hai. Magar yeh tareeqa sust tha aur is se bana libas dhila dhala hota.

Naake wali Sui ki ijad

Mahir-e-asar-e-qadeema Francesco d'Errico (Francesco d'Errico) aur un ke sathiyon ne 2018 mein Journal of Human Evolution (Journal of Human Evolution) mein haddi ki suiyon ka ek bada jaiza shaya kiya. Unhon ne 271 maqamat ki 355 tehon se milne wali suiyon ka data jama kiya. Un ke mutabiq haddi ki Sui Eurasia ki ek asal ijad hai jo 45 se 40 hazar saal pehle ke darmiyan samne aayi.

Dilchasp baat yeh hai ke Siberia aur China se milne wali qadeem tareen suiyon ke size mein farq hai, is liye muhaqqiqin ka khayal hai ke shayad yeh donon ilaqon mein alag alag ijad huin. Mashriqi Europe ki suiyan ya to alag ijad thin ya Siberia aur Qafqaz ki riwayat ka phailao. Maghribi Europe mein suiyan kafi baad mein, is daur mein nazar aati hain jise maahireen "Solutrean" kehte hain.

China mein 35 se 25 hazar saal purani mazboot aur gol suiyon ke baad 26 se 23 hazar saal pehle chhoti aur chapti suiyan aayin. Smithsonian ke majmue mein China ke soobay Liaoning mein Xiaogushan (Xiaogushan) se milne wali haddi ki suiyan mojood hain jo 30 se 23 hazar saal purani hain. Idare ke mutabiq haddi aur hathi daant ki aisi suiyon se insan garam aur jism par theek baithne wale kapde seta tha.

Dhaga kahan se aaya?

Sui ko dhaga bhi chahiye. Janwaron ki nasein aur chamre ki pattiyan to thin hi, magar paudon ke reshon ka saboot bhi bohat purana hai. 2009 mein jaride Science (Science) mein Eliso Kvavadze (Eliso Kvavadze) aur sathiyon ne Georgia mein Qafqaz ke daman mein waqe Dzudzuana ghaar (Dzudzuana Cave) se jungli alsi ke reshon ki daryaft shaya ki. Yeh ghaar taqriban 32 se 26 hazar saal pehle aur baad ke adwar mein waqfe waqfe se aabad raha. Wahan se kaate hue, range hue aur girah lage reshe aam mile. Muhaqqiqin ke mutabiq un se rassiyan banayi jati hongi, tokriyan buni jati hongi ya kapde siye jate honge.

Sirf sardi nahin, pehchan bhi

Sui ki ijad kyun hui? Muhaqqiq Ian Gilligan (Ian Gilligan) aur sathiyon ne 2024 mein jaride Science Advances (Science Advances) mein likha ke jism par theek baithne wala libas suay se bhi ban sakta tha, is liye nazuk naake wali Sui kisi zyada bareek kaam ki zarurat ki taraf ishara karti hai. Un ke khayal mein is ki do mumkina wajuhat thin: ek yeh ke log teh dar teh kapde pehenne lage aur andaruni libas wujood mein aaya; doosri yeh ke sajawat jism se hat kar libas par muntaqil hui, aur moti aur zewar kapdon par tanke jane lage. Yun libas sirf sardi se bachao nahin raha balke pehchan aur samaji haisiyat ka izhar bhi ban gaya.

Aaj karkhanon ki barqi silai machinon ki Sui bhi isi usool par chalti hai: ek nokili salakh jis ke naake se dhaga guzarta hai. Hamare han ki dastkari aur kadhai bhi isi qadeem hunar ki waris hai. Is silsile mein aage kapas ki kahani bhi aayegi, jis ke dhaage ne is hunar ko ek nayi manzil tak pohanchaya.

Makhaz

Melissa A. Toups, Andrew Kitchen, Jessica E. Light and David L. Reed, "Origin of clothing lice indicates early clothing use by anatomically modern humans in Africa", Molecular Biology and Evolution 28 (2011), doi:10.1093/molbev/msq234. Abstract read via Europe PMC (PMID 20823373): https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/article/MED/20823373?format=json — clothing lice diverged at least 83,000 and possibly 170,000 years ago; clothing likely began with modern humans in Africa; earlier estimates 40,000 to 3 million years.
Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Human Origins Program, "Making Clothing" (2022). https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/behavior/making-clothing — awls probably invented in Africa and carried to colder climates; later bone and ivory needles for close-fitting garments.
Smithsonian Human Origins Program, "Bone Awls" (2022). https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/behavior/making-clothing/bone-awls — Blombos Cave, South Africa, about 77,000 years old.
Smithsonian Human Origins Program, "Bone and Ivory Needles" (2020). https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/behavior/making-clothing/bone-and-ivory-needles — Xiaogushan, Liaoning, China, about 30,000–23,000 years; warm, close-fitting garments.
Francesco d'Errico et al., "The origin and evolution of sewing technologies in Eurasia and North America", Journal of Human Evolution 125 (2018), doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.10.004. Abstract read via Europe PMC (PMID 30502899): https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/article/MED/30502899?format=json — 271 sites, 355 layers; needles an original Eurasian innovation of 45–40 ka; size difference between earliest Siberian and Chinese needles; Eastern Europe; Solutrean in Western Europe; Chinese needles 35–25 ka and 26–23 ka.
Eliso Kvavadze et al., "30,000-year-old wild flax fibers", Science 325 (2009), doi:10.1126/science.1175404. Abstract read via Europe PMC (PMID 19745144): https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/article/MED/19745144?format=json — Dzudzuana Cave, Caucasus foothills, Georgia; occupations 32–26 kyr BP and later; spun, dyed and knotted flax fibres; cords, baskets or garments.
Ian Gilligan, Francesco d'Errico, Luc Doyon, Wei Wang and Yaroslav V. Kuzmin, "Paleolithic eyed needles and the evolution of dress", Science Advances 10 (2024), doi:10.1126/sciadv.adp2887. Abstract read via Europe PMC (PMID 38941472): https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/article/MED/38941472?format=json — awls also allowed fitted garments; eyed needles suggest refined sewing; possible underwear in layered clothing and decoration moving onto clothes; ornaments sewn on; clothing gaining social functions.
"Sewing needle", Wikipedia (accessed October 2026). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewing_needle — pointer only: prehistoric needles, awls at Blombos, eyed needles of 45,000–25,000 years in the ROAD database.

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