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8 June 1883: Quetta aur Darra-e-Bolan angrezon ke hawale

Atemad E-Magazine 20 October 2026 · 9 minute ka mutalia

Tareekh ke Auraq: Yeh tehreer Roznama Atemad ke ijra (October 1970) se pehle ke ek din ki kahani hai, jo dastiyab tareekhi maakhiz se murattab ki gayi hai.

Jumma, 8 June 1883. Khan-e-Kalat Mir Khudadad Khan aur Balochistan mein Governor General ke agent Sir Robert Sandeman ek dastawez par mohar aur dastakhat sabt kar rahe hain. Is ke tehat Quetta ka zila aur niabat angrezi hukumat ke mukammal intizam mein chale jayenge, aur Darra-e-Bolan se guzarne wali tijarat par mehsool lene ka haq bhi. Badle mein Khan ko har saal muqarrara raqam milegi. Aitchison ke majmua-e-muahidat mein yeh "muahida number 14" ke naam se darj hai, aur Quetta Pishin ka zilai gazetteer (1906) aur Darra-e-Bolan ka gazetteer, donon is ki tareekh 8 June 1883 likhte hain. Aaj ka Quetta shehar jis shakl mein ubhra, is ki ek bunyad yahi kaghaz hai.

1876 se 1883 tak

Quetta Pishin gazetteer ke mutabiq 1876 mein, Jacobabad ke muahide ki tausiq se pehle, Khan ki razamandi se Sandeman ke muhafiz dastे ke teen sau sipahi Captain Scott ki command mein Quetta mein thehraye gaye. 1877 ke awail mein Balochistan agency bani aur is ka sadr muqam Quetta rakha gaya. Isi saal ke aakhir mein Khan ne khud tajweez di ke agent ka ek assistant zameen ka mehsool aur chhaoni ki chungi wasool kare, albatta qafilon ki rahdari fees Kalat ke ahlkaron ke paas rahi.

Gazetteer ke mutabiq 1877 mein Lieutenant Hewson ke qatl ke baad Quetta ke qile (miri) par angrezi fauj qabiz ho gayi. April 1879 mein hukumat-e-Hind ne Quetta niabat ka intizam paanch baras ke liye sambhala, is shart ke sath ke intizami kharch nikal kar bachat Khan ko di jayegi. Yeh bandobast char baras chala. In barson mein kul aamdan do lakh untalis hazar rupay se kuch zyada rahi, pehle teen saal bachat Khan ko mili, aur chauthe saal 1882-83 mein pachees hazar rupay yakmusht diye gaye.

Bolan ka muamla alag tha. Bolan gazetteer likhta hai ke angrezi amal dakhal barhne ke sath tajir Harnai ka rasta tarjeeh dene lage, jahan mehsool nahin tha, aman tha aur bar bardari ke janwar asani se milte the. Bolan se tijarat hatne lagi aur Khan ki rahdari ki aamdan gir gayi. Isi par Bolan ki muntaqili ki baat cheet shuru hui.

Muahide mein kya tha

Aitchison ke chhape hue matan ke mutabiq muahida ek taraf Khan-e-Kalat aur doosri taraf Sandeman ke darmiyan hua, aur viceroy ki tausiq se mashroot tha. Dibache mein likha hai ke 1879 ke bandobast ki muddat taqriban poori ho chuki hai aur tajurbe se sabit hua hai ke Quetta ka intizam sirf angrez afsaron ke haath mein rehna donon hukumaton ke faide mein hai.

Quetta: Khan ne apni, apne waristan aur jaanasheenon ki taraf se Quetta zila aur niabat ka "poora intizam", mukammal maliya, diwani aur faujdari ikhtiyar aur intizam ke tamam ikhtiyarat yakum April 1883 se angrezi hukumat ke supurd kiye.
Kiraya: Bachat ki jagah Khan ko har saal 31 March ko pachees hazar rupay ka "muqarrara salana kiraya" milega, pehli adaigi 31 March 1884 ko; jab tak angrez intizam karen, is raqam se intizami kharch nahin kata jayega.
Bolan: Khan ne yakum April 1883 se Bolan se guzarne wali tijarat par mehsool ka haq angrezi hukumat ko muntaqil kiya, jis ke badle tees hazar rupay salana do qiston mein milengi. Sarawan aur Kurd sardaron ko un ke hisse ke badle alag muqarrara raqam milegi; Bolan gazetteer ke mutabiq Sardar Asad Khan ko teen hazar aur Sardar Yar Muhammad Kurd ko das hazar rupay salana.
Daira-e-ikhtiyar: Darra-e-Bolan ki hudood mein, aur Rindli mein railway station ke liye kharidi gayi zameen par, diwani aur faujdari ikhtiyar bhi angrezi hukumat ko diya gaya.

Matan ke mutabiq viceroy Lord Ripon ne 19 September 1883 ko Shimla mein is ki tausiq ki. Quetta Pishin gazetteer ise "daimi kiraya" kehta hai, aur Imperial Gazetteer (1908) ke alfaz mein Quetta pachees hazar rupay salana par angrezi hukumat ko "patte par diya gaya".

Sandeman ka kirdar

Dastawez par angrezi hukumat ki taraf se dastakhat Sandeman ke hain. Un ke sawanih nigar T. H. Thornton (1895) Quetta ki muntaqili ko Hewson ke qatl aur qile par qabze ke silsile ki aakhri kari batate hain. Imperial Gazetteer ke mutabiq isi saal Quetta ko chhaoni qarar diya gaya aur Quetta ko Pishin aur Shorarud ke sath mila kar ek intizami ikai banaya gaya.

Do nuqta-e-nazar

Sarkari record. Gazetteer is intizam ko taraqqi ki bunyad batate hain. Quetta Pishin gazetteer ke mutabiq 1878 se 1883 ke beech shehar aur chhaoni ke liye zameen sau rupay fi acre par kharidi gayi, jab ke 1905 tak shehar mein imarati plot ki qeemat taqriban teen hazar rupay fi acre ho chuki thi.

Tanqeedi jaiza. Muhammad Naeem aur Nasreen Afzal (The Dialogue, 2025) Quetta, Nushki, Nasirabad aur Bolan ko "patte ke ilaqe" ke alag zumre mein rakhte hain. In ke mutabiq aane wale barson mein Quetta intizam aur tijarat ka markaz ban kar Kalat se aage nikal gaya aur khaniyat ki haisiyat mehaz intizami rasm ban kar reh gayi. Aitchison ka 1933 ka edition yeh bhi likhta hai ke baad mein Bolan mein maadniyat nikalne par jab purane muahide dekhe gaye to maloom hua ke darre ki tamam aamdan ka haq riyasat-e-Kalat ka hai.

Duniya mein is mahine

16 June 1883, Sunderland (Englistan): Victoria Hall mein tohfe lene ki bhagdar mein 183 bachche dam ghutne se jaan bahaq hue.
30 June 1883, Englistan: Robert Louis Stevenson ka novel "The Black Arrow" ek risale mein qist war chhapna shuru hua.

Aage kya hua

1884: Aitchison aur Imperial Gazetteer ke mutabiq Bolan ka mehsool khatam kar diya gaya aur Raisani, Kurd aur doosre qabail ko, jo rahdari ki aamdan mein shareek the, allowance diye gaye. Sir Thomas Holdich ne likha ke 1884 ka Quetta 1878 ke Quetta se "bohat mukhtalif" tha.
1887: Thornton ke mutabiq hukumat-e-Hind ki ek qarardad se Pishin, Sibi aur mulhiqa ilaqe baqaida angrezi ilaqe mein shamil kar ke "British Balochistan" kehlaye. Quetta is mein shamil nahin tha; Imperial Gazetteer aur Aitchison ke mutabiq woh "agency ilaqon" mein patte ki niabat ke taur par alag raha. Naeem aur Afzal ke mutabiq Sindh se rail isi baras Quetta pohanchi.
Abadi: Quetta Pishin gazetteer ke mutabiq 1876 se pehle qile ke gird base qasbe ki abadi taqriban char hazar thi; 1891 ki pehli mardum shumari mein 18,802 aur Imperial Gazetteer ke mutabiq 1901 mein 24,584 ho gayi.
1891 aur 1896: Chhaoni, shehar aur railway ke liye nalke ke pani ka nizam 1891 mein mukammal hua. 15 October 1896 ko Quetta municipal qanoon nafiz hua (notification 6992 aur Imperial Gazetteer; Quetta Pishin gazetteer yakum October likhta hai), aur Quetta Pishin gazetteer ke mutabiq 17 October ko pehli municipal committee muqarrar hui.
1899 aur 1903: Imperial Gazetteer ke mutabiq Nushki mustaqil patte par liya gaya, aur 1903 mein Nasirabad ki zameenen daimi patte par hasil ki gayin.

Kya aap ke paas unneeswin sadi ke Quetta, Darra-e-Bolan ya Khan-e-Kalat ke darbar se mutaliq koi purani dastawez, sanad ya tasweer hai? Hamein zaroor bhejein. Hum ise aap ke naam ke sath is safhe par shamil karenge.

Maakhiz

C. U. Aitchison (comp.), A Collection of Treaties, Engagements and Sanads relating to India and Neighbouring Countries, vol. XI, 5th ed., Calcutta, 1933: Agreement No. XIV (1883), full text (parties; date "8th day of June 1883" in OCR as "Sth"; preamble; arts. 1–4 on Quetta management, Rs 25,000 rent payable 31 March from 1884, Bolan tolls for Rs 30,000, jurisdiction in the Pass and at Rindli; signatures of the Khan, Sandeman and Ripon; ratification at Simla, 19 September 1883); Kalat narrative (1879 arrangement, 1883 lease of the Quetta Niabat; Bolan tolls abolished 1884; later finding that the Pass revenues vested in Kalat); Quetta among the "assigned Niabats" in the Agency. https://archive.org/details/acollectionoftreatiesengagementsandsanadsaitchisonc.u.vol11_83_O
R. Hughes-Buller, Baluchistan District Gazetteer Series, vol. V: Quetta-Pishin District, Bombay: Times Press, 1907 (preface dated Quetta, September 1906), pp. 42–43 (escort at Quetta 1876; Agency 1877; the Khan's 1877 proposals; lease from March 1883 at Rs 25,000), p. 226 (April 1879 arrangement; revenue Rs 2,39,290; lump sum 1882–83; "agreement dated June 8, 1883"; "perpetual rent"), material-condition section (land prices 1878–1883 and 1905), Quetta town article pp. 332–337 (population before 1876 and in 1891; Hewson's murder and occupation of the fort; Holdich on Quetta 1878–1884; land purchase; municipality 1896). https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.46886
R. Hughes-Buller, Baluchistan District Gazetteer Series, vol. IV: Bolan Pass and Nushki Railway District, 1906, History section, "Cession of the Bolan to the British Government" (Harnai route; loss of transit dues; Rs 30,000; Rs 3,000 to Sardar Asad Khan and Rs 10,000 to Sardar Yar Muhammad Kurd; "agreement dated June 8, 1883"; clauses 2–4). https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.279669
Imperial Gazetteer of India, Provincial Series: Baluchistan, Calcutta: Superintendent of Government Printing, 1908 (Quetta-Pishin District: Quetta leased in 1883 for Rs 25,000, single charge with Pishin and Shorarud 1883; Bolan Pass: jurisdiction and tolls ceded 1883, tolls abolished 1884; finance: revenue 1877–1883; Quetta cantonment 1883; British Baluchistan vs Agency Territories; Nushki 1899, Nasirabad 1903; Quetta town: population 1891 and 1901, water supply 1891, municipal system 1896). https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.120382
T. H. Thornton, Colonel Sir Robert Sandeman: His Life and Work on our Indian Frontier, London: John Murray, 1895, p. 116 note (Hewson's assassination, occupation of the fort and cession of Quetta for Rs 25,000) and p. 170 (1887 resolution creating "British Baluchistan"). https://archive.org/details/india.history.resource.92336
Muhammad Naeem and Nasreen Afzal, "The British Occupation of Kalat: A Critical Appraisal of the Establishment of British Rule in Baluchistan", The Dialogue (Qurtuba University), vol. 20, no. 2, April–June 2025, pp. 92–94 (the "leased areas"; Quetta overtaking Kalat; railway to Quetta 1887, citing Axmann). https://journals.qurtuba.edu.pk/ojs/index.php/thedialogue/article/download/86126/469/7682
On the Quetta Municipal Law: Imperial Gazetteer of India, Baluchistan (1908), p. 74 (in force 15 October 1896), https://archive.org/details/ImperialGazetteerOfIndiaBaluchistan · British Enactments in Force in Native States, p. 426 (Notification No. 6992), https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.81384 · Quetta-Pishin Gazetteer (source 2), pp. 335–337 (1 October 1896; committee 17 October).

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