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Yakum November 1887: British Balochistan British Hind ka hissa bana

Atemad E-Magazine 17 October 2026 · 9 minute ka mutalia

Tareekh ke Auraq: Yeh tehreer Roznama Atemad ke ijra (October 1970) se pehle ke ek din ki kahani hai, jo dastiyab tareekhi maakhaz se murattab ki gayi hai.

Mangal, yakum November 1887. Quetta ki sardiyan shuru ho chuki hain, aur shumal mein Pishin ki wadi, mashriq mein Harnai ka darra aur neeche Sibi ka garam maidan apni mamool ki zindagi mein masroof hain. Magar is din hukumat-e-Hind ki ek qarardad ne in ilaqon ki qanooni haisiyat badal di. Aath baras se yeh "tafweez shuda Azla" kehlate the, yaani aisi zameen jo Afghanistan se li gayi thi magar Hindustan ka bazabta hissa nahin thi. Ab unhein British Hind mein shamil kar ke ek chief commissionery ki shakl de di gayi, aur is ka naam rakha gaya: British Balochistan.

Gandamak se yakum November tak

Yeh kahani doosri Afghan jang se shuru hoti hai. Quetta Pishin ke zilai gazetteer ke mutabiq jang ka pehla marhala 26 May 1879 ko Gandamak ke muahide par khatam hua, jis par Ameer Yaqub Khan ne dastkhat kiye aur Sibi, Pishin aur Kurram ke Azla British hukumat ke hawale karna maan liya. Imperial Gazetteer likhta hai ke Pishin, Sibi, Harnai aur Thal Chotiali is shart par diye gaye ke intizami kharch nikal kar jo amdani bache woh Ameer ko milegi.

Yeh muahida zyada din na chala. Kabul mein British resident aur us ke muhafizon ke qatl ke baad jang phir bharki, Yaqub Khan maazool hue aur July 1880 mein Maiwand par angrezon ko shikast hui. Aitchison ke muahidat ke majmue ke mutabiq jang ke baad naye Ameer Abdur Rahman Khan ko bata diya gaya ke yeh Azla ab Afghanistan ka hissa nahin rahe. Sibi ka gazetteer kehta hai ke unhein apne paas rakhne ka faisla Robert Sandeman ke purzor israr par hua, agarche mustaqil qabze ke hatmi ahkamat 1882 mein ja kar jari hue.

Isi dauran Quetta ka muamla alag raste par chala. Quetta Pishin gazetteer ke mutabiq Quetta ka zila yakum April 1883 se Khan-e-Kalat ne daimi ijare par British hukumat ko de diya, aur ise Pishin ke sath mila kar ek hi intizami ikai banaya gaya. Yeh farq yaad rakhne ke qabil hai: Quetta Kalat se ijare par liya gaya ilaqa tha, is liye yakum November ki qarardad ke baad bhi woh "Agency ilaqa" hi raha, jabke Pishin British Balochistan mein shamil hua.

Is din kya hua

Sandeman ke sawaneh nigar T H Thornton, jinhon ne 1895 mein un ki sarkari tehreeron ki madad se un ki sawaneh likhi, is saal ko teen qadmon mein bayan karte hain. 1887 ke mausam-e-bahar mein Sandeman mukhtasar rukhsat par Angalistan gaye. 19 June ko Balochistan ko darja awwal ki residency banaya gaya. Aur yakum November ko Pishin, Shorarud, Kach, Kowas, Harnai, Sibi aur Thal Chotiali ko mila kar British Balochistan ke naam se ek chief commissionery banayi gayi, jis mein Balochistan mein Governor General ka agent apne ohde ki bina par chief commissioner bhi hota.

Sibi ka zilai gazetteer yehi baat apne ilaqe ke hawale se likhta hai: November 1887 mein Kach Kowas aur Harnai ki wadiyan, Sibi, Duki aur Thal Chotiali British Hind ka hissa qarar payein, aur in ilaqon ke liye political agent ka ohda badal kar Deputy Commissioner kar diya gaya. Encyclopaedia Britannica ke 1902 ke edition mein Sir Thomas Holdich likhte hain ke yakum November 1887 ki qarardad ke tahat yeh ilaqa British Hind mein shamil hua aur do Azla, Quetta Pishin aur Thal Chotiali, mein banT diya gaya.

Thornton naam par kuch tahaffuzat bhi rakhte the. Unhon ne likha ke yeh Azla "British Balochistan" ke "kisi qadar namunasib" naam se British ilaqe mein shamil kiye gaye. Unhon ne is ki wajah nahin likhi, albatta Aitchison yaad dilata hai ke 1878 tak yeh ilaqe Ameer-e-Afghanistan ki amaldari ka hissa the, aur Kalat ki riyasat is qarardad se bahar rahi.

Sandeman khud is din Quetta mein nahin the. Thornton ke mutabiq woh 9 December 1887 ko rukhsat se laut kar kaam par aaye, to ab un ka darja darja awwal ke resident ka tha aur British Balochistan ke liye woh chief commissioner the. Imperial Gazetteer bhi 1887 ko yehi teen tabdiliyan ek sath likhta hai: agent ka darja buland hua, tafweez shuda Azla British ilaqa qarar paye, aur agent ko un ka chief commissioner bana diya gaya.

Do tarah ka Balochistan

Is qarardad ke baad soobe mein do qanooni darje ban gaye. Imperial Gazetteer (1908) beesween sadi ke aghaz ki soorat yun bayan karta hai: ek hissa British Balochistan tha, jo baqaida British Hind tha; doosra "Agency ilaqe" the, jin mein Quetta tehsil, darra-e-Bolan, Nushki aur Nasirabad jaise Kalat se ijare par liye gaye ilaqe, railway ki zameenein, Chagai aur Zhob o Loralai ki agencian shamil theen. Gazetteer ke mutabiq British Balochistan ka raqba 9,476 muraba meel tha; 1901 ki mardum shumari ki report yehi raqba 9,403 muraba meel likhti hai.

Yeh farq mehaz kaghazi nahin tha. Thornton likhte hain ke British Balochistan ke liye zabte British parliament ke ek qanoon ke tahat banaye gaye, jabke Quetta, Bolan aur Zhob jaise ilaqon ke liye, jahan agent Khan-e-Kalat ya qabail ki razamandi se intizam chalata tha, ek doosre qanoon ke tahat "Laws" ke naam se alag qawaid bane. Quetta Pishin gazetteer ke mutabiq 1890 mein Balochistan Laws Law and Regulation aur diwani o faujdari insaf ke zabte nafiz hue, jo isi dohre nizam ki aksi karte hain.

Duniya mein in dinon

Angalistan: isi din, yakum November 1887 ko, musawwir L S Lowry paida hue, jo baad mein shumali Angalistan ke sanati shehron ki tasweeron ke liye mashhoor hue.
Hind Chini: isi baras France ne Cochin China, Annam, Tonkin aur Cambodia ko mila kar "Indo Chinese Union", yaani French Hind Chini, qaim ki.
Chicago: das din baad, 11 November ko, Haymarket waqiye ke chaar mulzimon ko phansi di gayi.

Aage kya hua

9 December 1887: Sandeman rukhsat se laute aur British Balochistan ke pehle chief commissioner ke taur par kaam shuru kiya.
1890: Balochistan ke apne qawaneen aur zabte nafiz hue.
29 January 1892: Sir Robert Sandeman Lasbela ke shehar Bela mein inteqal kar gaye.
12 November 1893: Kabul mein Durand muahida hua, jis ne British Balochistan aur Afghanistan ki sarhad ki bunyad rakhi; 1894 se 1896 tak ek mushtarka commission ne yeh sarhad zameen par nishan zad ki.
1903: Aitchison ke mutabiq Duki aur Thal Chotiali ko Bori, Barkhan aur Musakhel ke sath mila kar Loralai ka naya zila banaya gaya.
Yakum July 1970: purana chief commissioner ka soba, riyasaton ki union aur Gwadar mil kar soba Balochistan bane.

Kya aap ke paas Sibi, Pishin ya Harnai ki purani sarkari dastaweezat, Sandeman daur ki koi tasweer ya khandani yaadasht mehfooz hai? Hamein zaroor bhejein. Hum ise aap ke naam ke sath is safhe par shamil karenge.

Maakhaz

T. H. Thornton, Colonel Sir Robert Sandeman: His Life and Work on Our Indian Frontier, John Murray, London, 1895: assigned districts incorporated with British territory "under the somewhat inappropriate designation, 'British Baluchistan'" (pp. 171–172); spring 1887 leave, 19 June 1887 First-class Residency, 1 November 1887 Chief Commissionership of British Baluchistan with the tracts named, AGG ex officio Chief Commissioner (p. 196); return on 9 December 1887 as Chief Commissioner (p. 199); "Resolution of November 1, 1887", two districts (p. 203); regulations under 33 Vic. cap. 3 for British Baluchistan and separate "Laws" for agency areas (pp. 205–206). https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.506312
T. H. Holdich, "Baluchistan", Encyclopaedia Britannica, 10th ed., vol. 26 (1902), p. 132 (Wikisource transcription): incorporation "by the resolution of 1st November 1887", two districts, Quetta-Pishin and Tal Chotiali. https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:1902_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_-_Volume_26_-_AUS-CHI.pdf/132
A. McConaghey (comp.), Baluchistan District Gazetteer Series, Vol. III: Sibi District, Bombay, 1907: Gandamak (May 1879), retention at Sandeman's instance, final orders 1882 (p. 30); "In November 1887" Kach-Kowas, Harnai, Sibi, Duki and Thal-Chotiali declared parts of British India, Political Agent redesignated Deputy Commissioner (p. 32). https://archive.org/details/sibidistricttext00mccouoft
R. Hughes-Buller (comp.), Baluchistan District Gazetteer Series, Vol. V: Quetta-Pishin District, Bombay, 1907: Treaty of Gandamak 26 May 1879; final orders for retention of Pishin end-1882; Quetta made over in perpetuity from 1 April 1883 and combined with Pishin; Quetta in Agency Territories, Pishin with Shorarud and Chaman in British Baluchistan; 1890 Baluchistan Laws Law and Regulation. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.46886
Imperial Gazetteer of India, Provincial Series: Baluchistan, Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta, 1908: Gandamak cession of Pishin, Sibi, Harnai and Thal-Chotiali; 1887 changes (Resident first class, assigned districts British territory, AGG Chief Commissioner); British Baluchistan 9,476 sq miles and the Agency Territories; Sandeman "died at Bela in January, 1892" (his death on 29 January 1892 is from Thornton, source 1). https://archive.org/details/ImperialGazetteerOfIndiaBaluchistan
C. U. Aitchison (comp.), A Collection of Treaties, Engagements and Sanads, vol. XI (Baluchistan section), Government of India, Calcutta (5th ed., 1933): the districts part of the Amir's dominions till 1878; Abdur Rahman informed they had ceased to be part of Afghanistan; "incorporated with British India in 1887" and "officially known as the Province of British Baluchistan"; Loralai district formed 1903. https://archive.org/details/acollectionoftreatiesengagementsandsanadsaitchisonc.u.vol11_83_O
R. Hughes-Buller, Census of India, 1901, Vol. V: Baluchistan, Part I, Report, Bombay, 1902: British Baluchistan ceded by Gandamak and "formally declared to be part of British India in 1887"; area 9,403 sq miles. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.55929
World items: "L.S. Lowry", Encyclopaedia Britannica (born November 1, 1887, Manchester), https://www.britannica.com/biography/L-S-Lowry · "Haymarket Affair", Encyclopaedia Britannica (four of the convicted men hanged on November 11, 1887), https://www.britannica.com/event/Haymarket-Affair · "Vietnam: the conquest of Vietnam by France", Encyclopaedia Britannica (the Indochinese Union created in 1887), https://www.britannica.com/place/Vietnam/The-conquest-of-Vietnam-by-France . Pointer only: "1887", Wikipedia (gives 17 October for French Indochina and lists "British Empire takes over Balochistan" under 1 October, neither used). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1887

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