Qutb ud-Din Aibak: Ghulam se Sultan tak aur Qutb Minar ka aaghaz

Delhi ke junoob mein surkh pathar ka ek buland minar khara hai jise duniya Qutb Minar (Qutb Minar) ke naam se jaanti hai. Britannica ke mutabiq iski tameer terahvin sadi ke aaghaz mein Qutb ud-Din Aibak (Qutb ud-Din Aibak) ne shuru ki thi. Aibak ki zindagi ki kahani ghair mamooli hai: bachpan mein ghulam ke taur par farokht hone wala yeh larka aakhirkar 1206 mein ek saltanat ka hukmran bana aur 1210 tak hukumat karta raha. Unhein Saltanat-e-Delhi ke baniyon mein shumar kiya jata hai.

Ibtidai zindagi

Britannica ke mutabiq Aibak taqriban 1150 mein paida hue. Un ka taluq Turk nasl se tha. Bachpan mein unhein ghulam ke taur par farokht kiya gaya aur un ki parwarish Khurasan ke shehar Nishapur mein hui. "Aibak" un ke qabile ka naam bataya jata hai, jo Turkey ke do lafzon "Ay" (chand) aur "Beg" (sardar) se mil kar bana hai.

Baad mein woh Ghor ke hukmran Muizuddin Muhammad bin Sam, jo tareekh mein Muhammad Ghori ke naam se mashhoor hain, ki milkiyat mein aaye. Britannica ke mutabiq Muhammad Ghori ne unhein shahi astabal ka nigran banaya, aur wahan se woh taraqqi karte karte fauji command tak pohanche.

Hindustan mein Ghori ilaqon ka intizam

Britannica ke mutabiq 1193 mein Delhi par qabze ke baad Muhammad Ghori Khurasan laut gaye aur shimal maghribi Hindustan mein Ghori ilaqon ko mustahkam karne ki zimmedari Aibak ko saunp gaye. Aibak ne Delhi ko apna markaz banaya. Britannica ke mutabiq agle barson mein Ganga aur Jamuna ke darmiyan ka ilaqa un ke intizam mein aaya, jabke un ke matehat sipah salar Bakhtiyar Khilji ne Bihar aur Bengal ko Ghori amaldari mein shamil kiya.

Sultan ki haisiyat

March 1206 mein Muhammad Ghori qatl ho gaye. Britannica ke mutabiq Aibak un ke fitri jaanasheen the, magar us waqt bhi qanooni taur par ghulam the; chunancha unhon ne jald hi azadi ka parwana hasil kiya. Aam taur par bataya jata hai ke 25 June 1206 ko Lahore mein un ki takht nasheeni hui, aur Lahore hi un ka daarul hukumat raha.

Aibak ne sochi samjhi rishtedariyon se apni hukumat ko mazboot kiya. Britannica ke mutabiq unhon ne Ghazni ke hukmran Tajuddin Yildiz ki beti se shadi ki, jo Muhammad Ghori ke jaanasheeni ke dawedaron mein se ek the, aur doosri rishtedariyon se bhi apni position mustahkam ki. Un ke damad aur behtareen sipah salar Iltutmish the, jo baad mein un ke jaanasheen bane. Britannica ke mutabiq is daur ke kutbon mein Aibak ko "Malik" yaani badshah likha gaya hai.

Qutb Minar

Aibak ka sab se mashhoor wirsa Qutb Minar hai. Britannica ke mutabiq yeh minar, jo Asia ke buland tareen minaron mein se hai, terahvin sadi ke aaghaz mein Delhi mein Aibak ne banwana shuru kiya aur un ke jaanasheen Iltutmish ne ise mukammal kiya.

Aaj yeh minar 72.5 meter buland hai. Britannica aur UNESCO ke mutabiq iska qutr neeche taqriban 14.3 meter aur choti par 2.75 meter hai, yaani yeh upar ki taraf bit tareej patla hota jata hai. UNESCO ke mutabiq iski deewaron par nokeeli aur gol naliyan bari bari bani hui hain, jo ise door se pehchan deti hain.

Britannica ke mutabiq minar ki paanch manzilein hain jo bahar nikli hui balconiyon se alag hoti hain, aur har manzil par kandah tehreeron ki nafees pattiyan hain. Neeche ki teen manzilein surkh aur zardi mail retile pathar ki hain, jabke chauthi aur paanchvin manzil mein sang-e-marmar aur retila pathar istemal hua hai. Chaudhvin aur pandrahvin sadi mein asmani bijli aur zalzalon se ise nuqsan pohancha aur maqami hukmranon ne iski marammat karai; solahvin sadi ke aaghaz mein Sikandar Lodhi ne iski upar ki do manzilon ki badi marammat ki.

UNESCO ne Qutb Minar aur iske aas paas ki yaadgaron ko aalmi wirsa qarar diya hai. Isi ahate mein 1311 mein bana hua Alai Darwaza bhi hai, jise UNESCO Hind Islami fan ka shahkar kehta hai.

Wafat

Aibak ki hukumat sirf char baras rahi. Britannica ke mutabiq 1210 mein chaugan (polo) khelte hue lagne wali chotoon se un ka intiqal hua. Aam taur par bataya jata hai ke yeh waqia November 1210 mein Lahore mein pesh aaya. Un ki qabar Lahore mein Anarkali ke ilaqe mein hai.

Un ke foran baad Aram Shah mukhtasar arse ke liye hukmran bane, aur phir 1211 mein Iltutmish ne takht sambhala. Britannica ke mutabiq Iltutmish ne Aibak ki qaim ki hui bunyad par Saltanat-e-Delhi ki khudmukhtari mustahkam ki.

Wirsa

Aibak ka daur mukhtasar tha, magar Britannica ke mutabiq un ke jaanasheen ne unhi ki qaim ki hui bunyad par Saltanat-e-Delhi ko mustahkam kiya, jo agli teen sadiyon tak shimali Hindustan ki badi riyasat rahi. Un ka sab se numayan nishan Qutb Minar hai, jiski tameer ka aaghaz un ke daur mein hua aur jo aath sadiyon baad bhi Delhi ki sab se pehchani jane wali imaraton mein se hai.