Mir Chakar Rind aur Rind–Lashari jangein

Atemad E-Magazine 17 October 2026 · 10 minute ka mutalia

Pichhle baab mein hum ne Brahvi zaban ka muamma dekha, jis ki aamad ka koi tarikhi record nahin. Is baab ka muamla bhi uljha hua hai. Pandrahveen aur solahveen sadi esvi ke Balochistan ka koi hum asr tarikh nama hamare paas nahin, magar ek poori shayari hai: woh razmiya Kalam jis mein Rind aur Lashari qabilon ki tawil jang, Mir Chakar Rind aur Mir Gohram Lashari ke naam aur Rindon ki Punjab ki taraf hijrat mehfooz hai. Yahan har baat is ke rawi ke naam se pesh hogi.

Makuran se Kachhi tak

Encyclopaedia Iranica mein Brian Spooner (Brian Spooner) likhte hain ke Balochi razmiya shayari ke hero, Mir Shehak Rind, us ke bete Mir Chakar Rind aur Mir Gohram Lashari, Makuran ke Rind aur Lashari Balochon se talluq rakhte the. Isi encyclopaedia mein Elfenbein (Josef Elfenbein) ke baqaul riwayat Mir Chakar ki paidaish Kolwa ke maqam Ashal mein batati hai, ghaliban pandrahveen sadi ke wast mein. Spooner ke mutabiq nawin sadi hijripandrahveen sadi esvi mein Baloch qabail ki ek lehar junubi Punjab ki taraf gayi, jabke Mir Chakar bazahir Sibi aur Darra-e-Bolan ke ilaqe mein muqeem rahe.

Gazetteer of Balochistan ki Kachhi wali jild (1907) ke mutabiq Mir Chakar Rind ke bare mein kaha jata hai ke us ne Kachhi mein taqriban tees baras aman se hukumat ki. Yun Rind aur Lashari Makuran ki taraf se aa kar Sibi, Gandawa aur Kachhi mein abad hue, aur wahin un ki kashmakash shuru hui.

Shayari hi tarikh hai

Elfenbein likhte hain ke Balochi adab badi had tak zabani hai, aur is ke classical razmiya silsilon mein pehla aur sab se aham "Chakar silsila" hai jis ka markaz Mir Chakar Rind hai. Rind aur Lashari dono ki riwayaten hamein shayari hi se mili hain; goya do fariqon ki yaddasht to hai, magar koi ghair janibdar gawah nahin.

Elfenbein ke baqaul is shayari ke sab se aham aur munazzam majmue british afsar aur muhaqqiq Dames (M. Longworth Dames) ne tayyar kiye. Un ki kitab "The Baloch Race" (1904) mein is daur ka tarikhi khaka hai, aur "Popular Poetry of the Baloches" (1906) mein Balochi matan aur English tarjume. Doosri kitab ki fehrist mein "Chakar aur Gohram" ke unwan se paanch nazmein, phir "Chakar aur Haibat" aur "Chakar aur Jaro" ke unwan se mazeed nazmein darj hain. Dames ke baqaul riwayati razmiya Kalam ka bada hissa isi jang se mutalliq hai jo Rindon aur Lasharion ke darmiyan, aur phir dono aur "Turkon" ke darmiyan lari gayi.

Jang kyun shuru hui: Gohar ke ont

Jang ke sabab ki riwayat ek hai magar tafseel mein farq hai. Dames ke baqaul Rind Mir Chakar ke aur Lashari Gohram ke matehat the; dono Gohar nami ek khatoon ke talabgar the jis ke paas onton ke bade galle the. Kuch Lasharion ne Gohar ke kam umr ont mar dale, Chakar ne inteqam ki qasam khayi, aur woh jang shuru hui jo tees baras chali. Kachhi ka Gazetteer raqabat ki yahi baat dohrata hai aur Gohar ko ek Jat khatoon likhta hai jis ke hath ke liye Chakar aur Gohram raqeeb the.

Elfenbein ek aur rukh dete hain. Un ke baqaul Gohar khud Lashari thi aur us ne Rind sardar Mir Chakar ko tarjih di. Muhammad Shafique aur Sohail Akhtar (2020) ka bayan hai ke ghur daud mein Rindon ki jeet ke baad Lasharion ne Rind qabile ki ek khatoon "Gohar Jatni" ke janwaron ke bachche mar dale aur loot liye, aur Chakar ke tawan mangne par inkar kar diya. Yaani ek riwayat mein Gohar Jat khatoon hai, doosri mein Lashari aur teesri mein Rind qabile ki. Elfenbein ka khulasa umumi hai: kai chhote waqeat, jin mein se har ek par alag nazm maujood hai, us dhamake ki tamheed bane jis ke baad ek tawil aur be rehm jang chhidi jise riwayat tees baras ki batati hai.

Tees saal ki jang

Jang ki tafseel bhi shayari hi se milti hai. Shafique aur Akhtar ke mutabiq ek riwayat yeh hai ke dono fariqon ke darmiyan pachees larayian hui, jin mein das mein Lasharion ne Chakar ko shikast di aur baqi pandrah Rindon ne jeetein. Yeh adaad riwayat ke hain, kisi dastawez ke nahin. Elfenbein ke baqaul pehli larayion mein shikast ke baad aakhirkar Rind jeete, jabke Gohram ke bare mein kaha jata hai ke woh chand sathiyon ke sath junub mein Sindh ki taraf nikal gaya.

Arghun aur "Turk"

Jang ka faisla sirf do qabilon ke hath mein na raha. Kachhi ke Gazetteer ke mutabiq Mir Zulnoon Beg Arghun, jo Herat ke Sultan Husain Mirza ki taraf se taqriban 1470 mein Kandahar aur shimali mashriqi Balochistan ka hakim tha, in jangon mein numayan kirdar ada karta raha. Gazetteer ke bayan mein ek mauqe par Rindon ko shikast hui aur kaha jata hai ke unhon ne Arghunon se madad mangi. Baad ke waqeat mein Gazetteer likhta hai ke Lashari Shah Beg Arghun ke sath Sindh ke Jam Feroz ke khilaf jangon mein sharik hue aur riwayat ke mutabiq wapas Kachhi aa kar badshah se Gandawa ki jagir payi.

Balochi shayari mein yahi Arghun "Turk" kehlate hain. Dames ke baqaul razmiya nazmein Mir Chakar aur Rindon ki Punjab ki taraf hijrat ka sabab Sibi aur Kachhi ka hath se nikal jana batati hain. Gazetteer ka anjam bhi yahi hai: Chakar beshtar Rindon ke sath Sibi chhor kar Punjab ki taraf gaya, Lashari Gandawa mein rahe aur kuch Rind Kachhi ke Shoran mein qaim rahe.

Punjab ki taraf: Satghara aur Humayun

Dames likhte hain ke Rind Multan, Jhang, Muzaffargarh, Montgomery aur Shahpur ke Azla mein badi tadad mein abad hain, aur riwayat ke mutabiq Chakar aakhir kar Montgomery zile ke Satghara mein abad hua jahan us ka maqbara aaj bhi maujood hai. Dames yeh bhi likhte hain ke Abbas Khan ki "Tarikh-e-Sher Shahi" mein Chakar Rind Sher Shah ke zamane mein Satghara mein qaim milta hai, aur Baloch poore Multan ke ilaqe par qabiz the jahan se Sher Shah ne unhein nikala.

Ek aur riwayat Mir Chakar ko Humayun ki 1555 ki wapsi se jodti hai. Dames ke baqaul riwayati Kalam mein yeh bhi hai ke Chakar baad mein Humayun ke sath Delhi ki taraf us ki pesh qadmi mein shamil hua. Dames ke nazdeek Sher Shah ke hathon Multan se bedakhli ke baad Balochon ka Humayun ka sath dena qareen-e-qiyas tha. Spooner mohtat hain: un ke baqaul 1556 mein, apni maut se kuch pehle, Mir Chakar ke bare mein "kaha jata hai" ke us ne Mughalon ki baladasti tasleem ki. Pakistan Study Centre ke jaride "Pakistan Perspectives" mein Muhammad Arif (2021) ne 1555 mein Balochon ke kirdar, khas taur par Mir Shahdad Rind ke kirdar, ka mauqif pesh kiya hai magar khud is bare mein mukhtalif aara darj karte hain, yahan tak ke baaz musannifin ke nazdeek Chakar 1555 mein itna boorha tha ke us ne khud jane ke bajaye apne bete Shahdad ko bheja. Dames khud saaf likhte hain ke Humayun ke sath is shirkat ka koi tarikhi suboot nahin; sirf riwayat ise bohat mumkin banati hai.

Tarikhein: ek masla

Chunke koi hum asr tarikh nama nahin, is daur ki tarikhein andaze hain jo Balochi riwayat ko Arghunon ki maloom tarikh se jod kar lagaye gaye. Shafique aur Akhtar apne maqale ke unwan mein jang ko 1490 ta 1518 aur khulase mein 1486 ta 1518 likhte hain aur Mir Chakar ki zindagi 1468 ta 1565 batate hain; Spooner us ki maut ko 1556 ke qareeb rakhte hain; Elfenbein paidaish ko pandrahveen sadi ke wast mein rakhte hain aur jang ke waqeat ko andaruni shawahid ki bunyad par 1475 aur 1525 ke darmiyan. Ek hi maqale ke unwan aur khulase ka farq batata hai ke yeh sab takhmine hain. Mehfooz baat yahi hai ke Rind–Lashari jangein pandrahveen sadi ke aakhir aur solahveen sadi ke aaghaz, yaani lag bhag 1500 ke aas paas, ki hain.

Yun Mir Chakar Rind ki kahani tarikh aur shayari ke sangam par khadi hai: ek khatoon ke ont, tees baras ki jang, Arghun, Sibi ka nuqsan aur Punjab ki hijrat. Har kari hamein shayron ne di hai, aur Dames ke alfaz mein yahi waqeat "Baloch qaum ki Iliad" hain.

Agle itwar: Razmiya shayari mein mehfooz tarikh: Chakar, Gohram aur Shay Mureed ki nazmein kya batati hain.

Makhaz

M. Longworth Dames, The Baloch Race: A Historical and Ethnological Sketch, Royal Asiatic Society, London, 1904: pp. 43–45 (the Rind–Lashari war, Gohar's camels, the Arghuns as "the Turks", the loss of Sibi and Kachhi, Humayun, Satgarha, Sher Shah; "These events constitute the Iliad of the Baloch race", p. 44; "although there is no historical evidence of the fact, the legend makes it very probable that they did so", p. 45), p. 48 (Rinds in Multan, Jhang, Muzafargarh, Montgomery and Shahpur). https://archive.org/details/balochracehistor00damerich/page/n53
M. Longworth Dames, Popular Poetry of the Baloches, vol. 1 (translations), Folk-Lore Society / David Nutt, London, 1906 (title page; the Royal Asiatic Society issue and most citations give 1907): contents p. viii (No. XI "Chakur and Gwaharam" 1a–5, pp. 20–25; No. XII "Chakur and Haibat", p. 26; No. XIII "Chakur and Jaro", pp. 27–29); p. xix ("the five poems exchanged between Chakur and Gwaharam"). https://archive.org/details/popularpoetryofb01dameuoft
Baluchistan District Gazetteer Series, vols. VI, VI-A and VI-B: Sarawan, Kachhi and Jhalawan, Times Press, Bombay, 1907; Kachhi, History, pp. 14–17, esp. p. 16 (Mir Chakar "said to have ruled in Kachhi peacefully for about 30 years"; Gohar "a Jat woman"; the Rinds' appeal to the Arghuns; the Lasharis with Shah Beg against Jam Feroz and the grant of Gandava; Mir Zunnun Beg, governor of Kandahar and North-eastern Baluchistan under Sultan Husain Mirza of Herat about 1470; Shoran). https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.22668/page/n338
Brian Spooner, "BALUCHISTAN i. Geography, History and Ethnography", Encyclopaedia Iranica, vol. III, fasc. 6, pp. 598–632 (1988; online edition), sections 5–6 (Mir Shayhak, Mir Chakar and Mir Gwahram from Makran; Sibi and the Bolan; "In 1556 shortly before he died he is said to have acknowledged the suzerainty of the Mughals"). https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/baluchistan-index/baluchistan-i/
Josef Elfenbein, "BALUCHISTAN iii. Baluchi Language and Literature", Encyclopaedia Iranica, vol. III, fasc. 6, pp. 633–644 (1988; online edition), section II, "Historical ballads" and "Heroic ballads" (birth at Ashal in Kolwa; the Chakur cycle; "the Lasari Gohar"; thirty years' war; dates estimated at 1475–1525; Dames's collections "by far the most important and systematic"). https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/baluchistan-iii/
Muhammad Shafique and Sohail Akhtar, "The Struggle for Political Supremacy: Thirty Year Intra-Tribal Rind-Lashar Baloch War (1490-1518)", Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan 57/1 (January–June 2020), pp. 620–627: abstract p. 620 (1486–1518; Chakar 1468–1565; identity); p. 621 (horse race, "Guhar Jatni" of the Rind tribe, 25 battles: 10 to the Lasharis, 15 to the Rinds). https://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/history/PDF-FILES/57_57_1_20.pdf
Muhammad Arif, "The Role of Baloch in Restoration of Mughal Dynasty", Pakistan Perspectives (Pakistan Study Centre, University of Karachi) 26/2 (July–December 2021), pp. 97–109: abstract p. 97 (1555; Mir Shahdad Rind; "various controversies"); p. 103 (differing views, including that Chakar was too old and sent his son Shahdad). https://journal.psc.edu.pk/index.php/pp/article/view/437

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