Meer Taqi Meer: Khuda-e-Sukhan

Atharhween sadi ka Delhi ek ajeeb shehar tha. Mughal badshah takht par the magar ikhtiyar haath se nikal chuka tha. Nadir Shah aur Ahmad Shah Abdali ki fauzein atin, shehar lutta, mohalle jalte, aur phir kuch baras baad log lout kar wohi galiyan aabad karne ki koshish karte. Isi ujadte baste shehar mein Urdu ghazal ko woh aawaz mili jise aaj tak koi bhula nahin saka. Yeh aawaz Meer Taqi Meer ki thi, jinhein un ke hum asron aur baad ke shairon ne "Khuda-e-Sukhan" kaha. Ghalib jaise shair ne, jo kisi ko asani se ustad nahin mante the, Meer ke bare mein kaha:

Rekhte ke tumhein ustad nahin ho GhalibKehte hain agle zamane mein koi Meer bhi tha

Zindagi aur zamana

Meer Muhammad Taqi, takhallus Meer, 1723 ke lag bhag Akbarabad yaani Agra mein paida hue. Un ke walid Meer Muhammad Ali ek darvesh sifat aadmi the jin ki taleemat ka zikr Meer ne apni Farsi khudnawisht "Zikr-e-Meer" mein bari mohabbat se kiya hai. Walid ke intiqal ke baad naujawan Meer ke liye Agra mein kuch na raha aur woh Delhi chale aaye, jahan unhein Amir-ul-Umara Samsam-ud-Daula ki sarparasti mili. 1739 mein Nadir Shah ke hamle mein Samsam-ud-Daula mare gaye to Meer ka yeh sahara bhi khatam ho gaya.

Delhi mein Meer ka talluq apne zamane ke bare aalim aur shair Siraj-ud-Din Ali Khan Arzu ke gharane se raha, jahan un ki ilmi tarbiyat hui magar rishton ki talkhi ne un ke mizaj par gehra asar chhora. "Zikr-e-Meer" mein woh khud apni ek zehni bimari aur junoon ke daur ka zikr karte hain jo jawani mein un par guzra. Unhon ne bar bar Delhi ko lutte dekha, 1748, 1757 aur 1760 ki dahai ke hamlon mein apne ghar aur mohalle ko barbad hote dekha, aur yeh tajurba un ke ashaar mein ek mustaqil dard ki surat maujood hai.

1782 mein, jab Delhi mein rehna mazeed mumkin na raha, Meer Awadh ke nawab Asif-ud-Daula ki dawat par Lucknow chale gaye. Wahan un ka wazifa muqarrar hua aur baqi umr, taqriban athais baras, unhon ne Lucknow hi mein guzari. Magar Lucknow ki rangeen aur nayi daulat wali mehfilein unhein kabhi apni na lagin. Woh wahan bhi Delhi wale hi rahe, aur Lucknow ke logon ki zabaan aur mizaj par un ke tanz ke kai qisse tazkiron mein mehfooz hain. 20 September 1810 ko Meer Lucknow mein wafat pa gaye.

Meer ka Kalam chhe deewanon par mushtamil hai jo "Kulliyat-e-Meer" ki surat mein chhapte rahe hain. Ghazal ke alawa unhon ne masnawiyan likhin, jin mein "Muamlat-e-Ishq" aur "Khwab-o-Khayal" numayan hain. Unhon ne Farsi mein Urdu shairon ka pehla tazkira "Nikat-ush-Shuara" likha, jis se Urdu shayari ki ibtidai tareekh ka bohat kuch humein maloom hota hai. Aur "Zikr-e-Meer" un ki apni zindagi aur zamane ka bayan hai jo Urdu adab ki ibtidai khudnawishton mein shumar hota hai.

Uslub

Meer ki shayari ki pehchan us ki saadgi hai, magar yeh saadgi sathi nahin. Woh chhoti bahron mein, rozmarra ki zabaan ke qareeb lafzon mein, aisi baat kehte hain jo parhne wale ke dil mein utar jati hai aur phir der tak wahan rehti hai:

Dekh to dil ke jaan se uthta haiYeh dhuan sa kahan se uthta hai

Un ke haan dard ek zati shikayat nahin balke zindagi ki haqeeqat ka naam hai. Mohabbat, fana, tanhai aur shehar ki barbadi un ke bare mauzoo hain. Magar Meer sirf gham ke shair nahin. Un ke haan shokhi bhi hai, chubhta hua tanz bhi, aur husn ki aisi tasweer kashi bhi ke ek pankhuri se poora chehra ban jata hai:

Nazuki us ke lab ki kya kahiyePankhuri ik gulab ki si hai

Shamsur Rahman Faruqi ne apni chaar jildon ki kitab "Shair-e-Shor Angez" mein dikhaya hai ke Meer ke sada nazar aane wale ashaar mein maani ki kai tehein hoti hain, aur yeh ke Meer sirf "aah" ke shair nahin balke zabaan ke ek bare karigar the.

Muntakhab Kalam

Patta patta boota boota haal hamara jane haiJane na jane gul hi na jane bagh to sara jane hai

Hasti apni hubab ki si haiYeh numaish sarab ki si hai

Ashk aankhon mein kab nahin aataLohu aata hai jab nahin aata

Sham se kuch bujha sa rehta hoonDil hua hai chiragh muflis ka

Meer in neem baz aankhon meinSari masti sharab ki si hai

Marg ik mandagi ka waqfa haiYaani aage chalenge dam le kar

Le saans bhi aahista ke nazuk hai bohat kaamAafaq ki is kaargah-e-shisha gari ka

Rah-e-door-e-ishq mein rota hai kyaAage aage dekhiye hota hai kya

Delhi jo ek shehar tha aalam mein intikhabRehte the muntakhab hi jahan rozgar keUs ko falak ne loot ke veeran kar diyaHum rehne wale hain isi ujre dayar ke

Sirhane Meer ke aahista boloAbhi tuk rote rote so gaya hai

Hum hue tum hue ke Meer hueUs ki zulfon ke sab aseer hue

Ashaar ki tashreeh

«Patta patta boota boota haal hamara jane hai…» Bagh ka har patta aur har paudha meri mohabbat ka haal jaanta hai. Bas woh ek phool, yaani mehboob, anjaan bana hua hai ya shayad sach much nahin jaanta.

«Hasti apni hubab ki si hai…» Hamari zindagi pani ke bulbule ki tarah hai jo ek lamhe mein khatam ho jata hai, aur duniya ki chamak damak registan mein pani ke dhokhe jaisi hai.

«Ashk aankhon mein kab nahin aata…» Aansu to har waqt aankhon mein rehte hain. Jis waqt aansu nahin aate, us waqt aankhon se khoon aa raha hota hai. Yaani dukh ka koi waqfa nahin.

«Sham se kuch bujha sa rehta hoon…» Sham hote hi main udaas ho jata hoon, jaise gharib ka diya jis mein tel kam ho aur woh sham hi se timtimane lage.

«Meer in neem baz aankhon mein…» Mehboob ki aadhi khuli aankhon mein wohi nasha hai jo sharab mein hota hai. Aankhon ka yeh bayan Urdu ghazal ke mashhoor tareen misron mein se hai.

«Marg ik mandagi ka waqfa hai…» Maut thakan ka ek waqfa hai, safar ka khatma nahin. Zara saans le kar aage chalenge. Maut ko itni saadgi se dekhna Meer hi ka kaam hai.

«Le saans bhi aahista ke nazuk hai bohat kaam…» Yeh duniya shishe ke karkhane jaisi nazuk hai. Yahan saans bhi ehtiyat se lo ke kahin kuch toot na jaye.

«Rah-e-door-e-ishq mein rota hai kya…» Mohabbat ka rasta lamba hai, abhi se kyun ro rahe ho? Aage aage dekho kya kya hota hai. Yeh sher aam taur par "Ibtida-e-ishq hai rota hai kya" ki surat mein parha jata hai.

«Delhi jo ek shehar tha aalam mein intikhab…» Kehte hain ke yeh ashaar Meer ne Lucknow ki ek mehfil mein us waqt kahe jab logon ne un se poocha ke aap kahan ke rehne wale hain. Delhi ki barbadi ka yeh nauha aaj tak dohraya jata hai.

«Sirhane Meer ke aahista bolo…» Meer ke sirhane dheemi aawaz mein baat karo, woh abhi abhi rote rote soya hai. Shair apne aap ko teesre shakhs ki tarah dekhta hai, aur yahi is sher ka kamal hai.

«Hum hue tum hue ke Meer hue…» Main hoon, tum ho ya Meer ho, sab us ki zulfon ke qaidi hain. Chhoti behr mein baat kehne ka yeh andaz baad ke shairon ne bohat apnaya.

Asar aur yadgar

Urdu ghazal ki tareekh mein Meer ek aisa sang-e-meel hain jin ke baad har shair ko un se apna rishta tay karna para. Ghalib ne, jaisa ke upar guzra, unhein apne se pehle ke zamane ka ustad mana. Nasir Kazmi jaise beesween sadi ke shairon ne chhoti behr aur sada lehje ki riwayat Meer hi se li, aur Urdu ki tanqeed mein "Meer ki saadgi" ek alag bab ki haisiyat rakhti hai.

Aaj Meer ka Kalam rawan tarjumon aur kai tehqeeqi edition mein dastyab hai. Rekhta ki web gah par un ka poora Kulliyat maujood hai. Do sau baras baad bhi yeh shair, jo apne zamane ki tabahi ka gawah tha, Urdu parhne walon ke liye sab se ziyada apna shair hai.

Qareen se: Meer ka kaun sa sher aap ke dil ke sab se qareeb hai? Humein likh kar bhejiye. Muntakhab ashaar aap ke naam ke sath agle jumme ke safhe par shaya kiye jayenge.

Agle jumme: Mirza Ghalib, jinhon ne Meer ke baad Urdu ghazal ko fikr ki nayi bulandi di.