Akbar Allahabadi: Hanste hanste kari baat

Unneesween sadi ke aakhir mein Hindustan badal raha tha. Rail, taar, college, coat patloon, angrezi zubaan aur nayi Siyasat sab ek saath aa rahe the, aur parhe likhe musalmanon mein is par do rayein thin. Sir Syed aur Hali nayi Taleem ko zaroori samajhte the. Magar Allahabad mein ek judge sahib baithe the jo khud angrezi hukumat ke ohde dar the, khud college aur kachehri ki paidawar the, aur phir bhi is nayi tehzeeb par aisa tanz karte the ke log hanste hanste soch mein par jate. Yeh Akbar Allahabadi the, Urdu ke sab se bare zareef shayar, jin ke sher aaj bhi taqreeron aur columns mein beta-alluqi se dohraye jate hain:

Hum aah bhi karte hain to ho jate hain badnamWoh qatl bhi karte hain to charcha nahin hota

Zindagi aur zamana

Syed Akbar Hussain 16 November 1846 ko Allahabad ke qareeb Bara naami qasbe mein paida hue. Walid Syed Tafazzul Hussain ek mamooli ohde par the aur ghar ki maali haalat kamzor thi. Ibtidai Taleem ghar par arabi aur farsi ki hui, phir unhon ne khud angrezi seekhi aur nauumri hi mein railway ke mahkame mein mulazimat kar li. Yeh mulazimat un ki Taleem ka silsila na rok saki. Unhon ne qanoon ka imtihan pass kiya, wakalat ki, aur 1880 mein munsif muqarrar hue.

Akbar ki sarkari zindagi kamyab rahi. 1894 mein woh session judge ho gaye, 1898 mein unhein Khan Bahadur ka khitab mila, aur 1903 mein pension le kar Allahabad mein aaram se baith gaye. Yeh woh zamana hai jab un ki shayari apne urooj par pahunchi. Ek judge ki haisiyat se woh khul kar Siyasat nahin kar sakte the, aur shayad isi majboori ne un ke tanz ko aur tez kiya. Woh jante the ke angrezi hukumat kis tarah kaam karti hai, aur yahi ilm un ke mazah ki bunyad hai.

Retirement ke baad ke barson mein unhon ne Hindustan ki nayi Siyasat ko qareeb se dekha. Aakhri barson mein, jab Gandhi ki tehreek-e-adam taawun shuru hui, to unhon ne "Gandhi Nama" ke unwan se nazmein likhin jin mein boorhe shayar ki is tehreek se dilchaspi aur is par tabsira donon hain. Aankhon ki roshni kamzor ho gayi thi aur Sehat girti ja rahi thi. 9 September 1921 ko Allahabad mein wafat paayi. Un ka Kulliyat teen hisson mein un ki zindagi aur wafat ke baad chhapa, aur Abdul Majid Daryabadi jaise adeebon ne un ki shakhsiyat aur fikr par tafseel se likha.

Uslub

Akbar ki shayari ko aam taur par "zarafat" ka naam diya jata hai, magar un ki zarafat lateefa nahin hai. Woh sher mein angrezi aur aam bol chaal ke alfaz beta-alluqi se late hain, "college", "leader", "Mr", "pension", "hotel", aur phir in lafzon se woh kaam lete hain jo sanjeeda shayari nahin le sakti:

Hum aisi kul kitaabein qabil-e-zabti samajhte hainKe jin ko parh ke bete baap ko khabti samajhte hain

Un ka doosra hathiyar be-takalluf lehja hai. Woh sher mein aisi baat karte hain jaise koi chaye par baitha baatein kar raha ho, magar baat ke andar ek kanta hota hai jo parhne wale ko baad mein chubhta hai. Woh nayi tehzeeb ke mukhalif nahin the, nayi tehzeeb ki naqqali ke mukhalif the. Aur woh mazhab ke thekedaron par bhi utna hi hanste the jitna college ke naye sahibon par:

Mazhabi bahas maine ki hi nahinFaltu aql mujh mein thi hi nahin

Un ke Kalam ka ek hissa sanjeeda ghazal aur sufiyana rang ka bhi hai, jis mein ek buzurg ki thakan aur duniya se be-niyazi jhalakti hai. Is rang ko aam taur par kam parha jata hai magar woh Akbar ki shakhsiyat ko samajhne ke liye zaroori hai.

Muntakhab Kalam

Hungama hai kyun barpa thori si jo pi li haiDaka to nahin mara chori to nahin ki hai

Duniya mein hoon duniya ka talabgar nahin hoonBazar se guzra hoon khareedar nahin hoon

Be-parda nazar aayin jo kal chand bibiyanAkbar zameen mein ghairat-e-qaumi se gar gayaPoocha jo un se aap ka parda woh kya huaKehne lagin ke aql pe mardon ki par gaya

Raqeebon ne raptt likhwai hai ja ja ke thane meinKe Akbar naam leta hai Khuda ka is zamane mein

Hue is qadar muhazzab kabhi ghar ka munh na dekhaKati umr hotalon mein mare hospital ja kar

Hum kya kahein ahbab kya kaar-e-numayan kar gayeBA kiya naukar hue pension mili phir mar gaye

Yoon qatl se bachon ke woh badnam na hotaAfsos ke Firaun ko college ki na soojhi

Sidharein sheikh Kaabe ko hum England dekhengeWoh dekhein ghar Khuda ka hum Khuda ki shaan dekhenge

Khuda se maang jo kuch mangna hai ae AkbarYahi woh dar hai ke zillat nahin sawal ke baad

Ashaar ki tashreeh

«Hungama hai kyun barpa thori si jo pi li hai…» Zara si pi li to itna shor kyun? Daka to nahin dala, chori to nahin ki. Tanz is baat par hai ke samaj chhoti buraai par shor karta hai aur badi buraai se aankhein band rakhta hai.

«Duniya mein hoon duniya ka talabgar nahin hoon…» Main duniya mein rehta hoon magar duniya ka talabgar nahin, bazar se guzar raha hoon magar khareedar nahin. Akbar ke sanjeeda aur sufiyana rang ki misal.

«Be-parda nazar aayin jo kal chand bibiyan…» Kal chand khawateen be-parda nazar aayin to Akbar sharm se zameen mein gar gaya. Poocha ke aap ka parda kya hua, to bolin ke woh to mardon ki aql par par gaya hai. Aakhri misre ne sara tanz khud shayar aur us ke hum khayal mardon par palat diya hai.

«Raqeebon ne raptt likhwai hai ja ja ke thane mein…» Dushmanon ne thane mein report kara di hai ke Akbar is zamane mein bhi Khuda ka naam leta hai. Yaani naye zamane mein Khuda ka naam lena aisa jurm hai jis ki raptt ho sakti hai.

«Hue is qadar muhazzab kabhi ghar ka munh na dekha…» Hum itne "muhazzab" ho gaye ke ghar ka munh na dekha. Umr hotalon mein kati aur maut hospital mein aayi. Nayi tehzeeb par Akbar ka sab se mashhoor tabsira.

«Hum kya kahein ahbab kya kaar-e-numayan kar gaye…» Hamare doston ne kya karnama kiya? BA kiya, naukri ki, pension li aur mar gaye. Nayi Taleem se paida hone wali zindagi ka poora naqsha ek sher mein.

«Yoon qatl se bachon ke woh badnam na hota…» Agar Firaun bachon ko qatl karne ke bajaye college khol deta to badnam bhi na hota aur maqsad bhi poora ho jata. Akbar ke nazdeek nayi Taleem zehn ko is tarah badal deti hai ke qaum apne aap se kat jati hai. Yeh un ka sakht tareen sher hai aur isi liye sab se zyada bahas isi par hui.

«Sidharein sheikh Kaabe ko hum England dekhenge…» Sheikh sahib Kaabe ko jayein, hum England jayenge. Woh Khuda ka ghar dekhenge, hum Khuda ki shaan, yaani angrezon ki taraqqi, dekhenge. Yeh tanz naye sahibon ki zubaan mein kiya gaya hai.

«Khuda se maang jo kuch mangna hai ae Akbar…» Akbar, jo mangna hai Khuda se mango. Yahi ek darwaza hai jahan mangne ke baad zillat nahin hoti. Akbar ka sanjeeda aur duaiya rang.

Asar aur yaadgar

Akbar ne Urdu shayari ko woh rasta dikhaya jis par baad mein zareef shayron ki ek poori nasl chali, magar un ki bulandi tak koi na pahuncha. Un ke sher kahawat ban gaye: "BA kiya naukar hue pension mili phir mar gaye" aaj bhi har us mehfil mein dohraya jata hai jahan Taleem aur naukri ki baat ho. Un ke tanz ka nishana aaj ke zamane mein bhi pehchana jata hai, kyunke naqqali aur dikhawa har zamane ki bimari hai.

Un par yeh etraz bhi hota raha ke woh taraqqi ke dushman the, aur khud Sir Syed ke halqe se un ke ikhtilaf ne is bahas ko garm rakha. Magar Abdul Majid Daryabadi aur baad ke naqqadon ne dikhaya ke Akbar ka masla taraqqi nahin, be-soche samjhe naqqali aur apni tehzeeb se bezari thi. Un ke khutoot aur sanjeeda Kalam se ek aise aadmi ki tasveer banti hai jo nayi aur purani duniya ke beech khara tha aur donon ko saaf dekh raha tha.

Qareen se: Akbar ka kaun sa sher aap ko sab se zyada hansata hai, ya sab se zyada sochne par majboor karta hai? Hamein likh bhejiye. Muntakhab ashaar aap ke naam ke saath shaya honge.

Agle jume: Allama Iqbal, jinhon ne shayari ko khudi aur bedari ka paigham banaya.