Fani Badayuni: Yasiyat ka Imam

Beesvin sadi ke shuru mein Urdu ghazal par ek ilzam lag raha tha ke yeh purani ho gayi hai, is ke mazameen ghis chuke hain, aur naye zamane ko nazm ki zaroorat hai. Isi zamane mein kuch shayar aise aaye jinhon ne ghazal ko phir se zinda kar diya. Hasrat Mohani un mein se ek the, jin ka zikr is series mein ho chuka hai. Doosra bada naam Fani Badayuni ka hai, jin ki ghazal mein gham sirf ek kaifiyat nahin, ek falsafa hai. Rekhta unhein "Yasiyat ka Imam" kehta hai. Un ki poori shayari is ek sher mein simat aati hai:

Har ghari inqilab mein guzriZindagi kis azab mein guzri

Zindagi aur zamana

Rekhta ke mutabiq Fani ka naam Shaukat Ali Khan tha. Pehle Shaukat takhallus karte the, baad mein Fani ikhtiyar kiya. Woh Afghan nasl se the aur un ke buzurg bari jagir ke malik the, jo 1857 ke hangamon ke baad angrezon ne chheen li. Walid Shujaat Ali Khan Badayun ke qasbe Islam Nagar mein thanedar the, aur wahin 13 September 1879 ko Fani paida hue.

Unhon ne gyarah baras ki umar mein sher kehna shuru kiya, aur 1898 tak un ka pehla deewan tayyar ho chuka tha. Magar walid shayari ke sakht khilaf the; jab beta baaz na aaya to unhon ne deewan jala diya. Is liye Fani ki ibtidai shayari ka rang hamein maloom nahin. 1901 mein Bareilly College se BA kiya. Bachpan mein jis cousin se un ki nisbat tay thi, us ki shadi kahin aur ho gayi aur kuch arse baad woh foot ho gayi. Rekhta ke mutabiq yeh Fani ki zindagi ka pehla bada sadma tha.

Is ke baad ek bechain zindagi shuru hui. School mein parhaya, istifa diya; schoolon ke sub inspector bane, naukri chhor di. Phir Aligarh se wakalat ki Taleem hasil ki. Rekhta ke mutabiq Aligarh hi mein un ki shayari par Ghalib aur Meer ka gehra asar para, kyunke wahan Hali ki "Yadgar-e-Ghalib" ka charcha tha aur Hasrat Mohani classical ghazal ke ehya ki muhim chala rahe the. Lucknow mein wakalat shuru ki aur ibtida mein kamyab bhi rahe, magar ek hi saal mein maan aur baap donon ka intiqal ho gaya, dil wakalat se achat ho gaya, aur qarz ki nobat aa gayi. Woh Lucknow, Badayun, Agra aur doosre shahron mein qismat azmate rahe, aur har jagah tang dasti aur ishq ki nakamiyan un ke saath rahin.

Aakhir mein woh Hyderabad Deccan chale gaye, jahan Rekhta ke mutabiq Maharaja Kishen Prashad un ke madah the. Wahan unhon ne apni zindagi ke kuch behtareen aur phir badtareen din guzare. Jawan beti ki maut aur phir biwi ki maut dekhi, aur 27 August 1941 ko Hyderabad mein bari bekasi ki halat mein un ka intiqal hua.

Uslub

Meer ko bhi gham ka shayar kaha jata hai, magar Rekhta ke taaruf mein farq yun bayan kiya gaya hai ke Meer ka sher dil ko chhoo kar "wah" bhi kehla leta hai, jabke Fani jab apni pursoz awaz mein ghazal parhte to sunne wale kabhi kabhi daad dena bhool jate. Doosre shayar mehboob ke husn aur hijr ki aziyat ka zikr karte hain; Fani ka asal mehboob khud un ka gham hai.

Magar yeh gham sirf rona dhona nahin. Fani ki shayari ishq, gham, tasawwuf aur kainat ke raazon ke gird ghoomti hai: ishq ne unhein gham diya, gham unhein tasawwuf tak le gaya, aur tasawwuf ne un ke samne zindagi ke bare sawal rakh diye. Woh maut ko bhi ek nayi nazar se dekhte hain:

Mar ke toota hai kahin silsila-e-qaid-e-hayatMagar itna hai ke zanjeer badal jati hai

Mar jane se zindagi ki qaid ka silsila kahan tootta hai? Bas itna hota hai ke ek zanjeer ki jagah doosri zanjeer aa jati hai.

Aur yahi jabr un ki shayari ka markazi khayal hai:

Zindagi jabr hai aur jabr ke asaar nahinHaye is qaid ko zanjeer bhi darkaar nahin

Muntakhab Kalam

Ik fasana sun gaye ik keh gayeMain jo roya muskura kar reh gaye

Uth gaye duniya se Fani ahl-e-zauqAik hum marne ko zinda reh gaye

Har saans ke saath ja raha hoonMain tere qareeb aa raha hoon

Kuch kati himmat-e-sawal mein umrKuch umeed-e-jawab mein guzri

Naam badnam hai nahaq shab-e-tanhai kaWoh bhi ik rukh hai teri anjuman arai ka

Mere lab par koi dua hi nahinIs karam ki kuch intiha hi nahin

Kashti-e-aitbar tor ke dekhKe Khuda bhi hai na-khuda hi nahin

Ji dhoondta hai ghar koi donon jahan se doorIs aap ki zameen se alag aasman se door

Teri talash ka fil-jumla mahasil yeh haiKe tu yahan nahin milta wahan nahin milta

Mujhe bula ke yahan aap chhup gaya koiWoh mehman hoon jise mezban nahin milta

Diyar-e-umr mein ab qaht-e-mehr hai FaniKoi ajal ke siwa mehrban nahin milta

Ashaar ki tashreeh

«Ik fasana sun gaye ik keh gaye…» Woh aaye, ek kahani suni, ek sunai, aur jab main ro para to bas muskura kar reh gaye. Mehboob ki be-niyazi ki is se mukhtasar tasveer mushkil hai.

«Uth gaye duniya se Fani ahl-e-zauq…» Duniya se samajh aur zauq rakhne wale sab uth gaye; aik hum hain jo sirf marne ke liye zinda reh gaye hain.

«Har saans ke saath ja raha hoon…» Har saans ke saath zindagi kam ho rahi hai, aur yun main har lamha tere qareeb aa raha hoon. Yahan "tu" mehboob bhi ho sakta hai, maut bhi, aur Khuda bhi.

«Kuch kati himmat-e-sawal mein umr…» Aadhi umr sawal karne ki himmat jama karne mein kat gayi aur baqi jawab ki umeed mein guzar gayi.

«Naam badnam hai nahaq shab-e-tanhai ka…» Tanhai ki raat khwah makhwah badnam hai; woh bhi teri mehfil hi ka ek rukh hai, kyunke tanhai mein bhi tu hi yaad aata hai.

«Mere lab par koi dua hi nahin…» Mere honthon par koi dua hi nahin rahi, aur yeh bhi tera karam hai jis ki koi hadd nahin. Yaani khwahish ka mit jana bhi ek naimat hai.

«Kashti-e-aitbar tor ke dekh…» Bharose ki kashti tor kar dekh, tab pata chalega ke mallah hi sab kuch nahin, Khuda bhi hai. Duniya ke saharon se hat kar asal sahare ki taraf ishara.

«Ji dhoondta hai ghar koi donon jahan se door…» Dil koi aisa ghar dhoondta hai jo duniya aur aakhirat donon se door ho, is zameen se bhi alag aur aasman se bhi.

«Teri talash ka fil-jumla mahasil yeh hai…» Tujhe dhoondne ka kul hasil bas yeh nikla ke tu na yahan milta hai na wahan. Talash hi manzil ban gayi.

«Mujhe bula ke yahan aap chhup gaya koi…» Koi mujhe is duniya mein bula kar khud chhup gaya hai; main aisa mehman hoon jise mezban nahin milta. Insan ki tanhai aur Khuda ki talash ka yeh sher Fani ke behtareen ashaar mein hai.

«Diyar-e-umr mein ab qaht-e-mehr hai Fani…» Zindagi ke shehar mein ab mohabbat ka qaht par gaya hai; maut ke siwa koi mehrban nazar nahin aata.

Asar aur yadgar

Fani ne Urdu ghazal ko woh lehja diya jo un se pehle nahin suna gaya tha. Rekhta ke taaruf ke mutabiq unhon ne mawad aur uslub donon lihaz se ghazal ko nayi wusaatein dein, aur gham aur is se jure mazameen par jo kuch likha woh Urdu ghazal ka shahkar hai. Hasrat, Fani, Asghar Gondvi aur Jigar ko beesvin sadi mein ghazal ke ehya ke bare naam samjha jata hai, aur un mein Fani ki awaz sab se alag aur sab se udaas hai.

Un ki zindagi ek lamba almiya thi, magar isi almiye se woh shayari nikli jo aaj bhi tanhai ke lamhon mein parhne wale ka saath deti hai.

Qareen se: Fani ka kaun sa sher aap ko kisi mushkil waqt mein yaad aaya? Hamein likh kar bhejiye. Muntakhab ashaar aap ke naam ke saath agle jumme ke safhe par shaya kiye jayenge.

Agle jumme: Jigar Moradabadi, mushairon ke badshah, jin ke tarannum ne ghazal ko awam tak pahunchaya.