Zila Kalat: Khawanin ka purana daar-ul-hukumat aur Harboi ke daaman ki wadiyan

Atemad E-Magazine 20 October 2026 · 8 minute ka mutalia

Taaruf aur mahal-e-wuqoo

Kalat Balochistan ke wasti pahari silsile ki buland wadiyon ka zila hai, aur is ka sadr maqam wahi Kalat shehar hai jo kai sadiyon tak Khawanin-e-Kalat ka daar-ul-hukumat raha. Angrez daur ka gazetteer Kalat ko Quetta se saarhe athasi meel janoob mein aur sath-e-samandar se 6,783 feet ki bulandi par batata hai. Isi gazetteer ke mutabiq maqami log ise "Kalat-e-Baloch" aur "Kalat-e-Seva" kehte the; pehla naam ise Afghanistan ke Kalat-e-Ghilzai se alag karne ke liye aur doosra is ke riwayati bani Seva ke naam par.

Pakistan idara-e-shumariyat ki 2023 ki mardum shumari ke mutabiq zila Kalat ka raqba 7,654 murabba kilometer aur abadi 271,560 hai, jis mein 138,611 mard, 132,942 auratein aur 7 khawaja sara shamil hain. Abadi ki kasafat taqriban 35 afrad fi murabba kilometer hai aur sirf 16.36 feesad log shehri ilaqon mein rehte hain. Ek gharane mein ausatan 8.2 afrad hain. 2017 mein (maujooda hudood ke mutabiq) zile ki abadi 203,565 thi, yani chhe baras mein salana taqriban 4.93 feesad izafa hua.

Mardum shumari ke jadwal ke mutabiq zila chaar intizami hisson par mushtamil hai: Kalat sub division (raqba 3,788 murabba kilometer, abadi 167,405), Mangochar sub division (1,148 murabba kilometer, 80,138), Johan sub tehsil (1,328 murabba kilometer, 15,731) aur Gazg sub tehsil (1,390 murabba kilometer, 8,286).

Maujooda zila pehle ke muqable mein chhota hai. Idara-e-shumariyat ki soobai mardum shumari report 2023 ke mutabiq 2017 ki mardum shumari ke baad Surab tehsil aur is se mulhiq ilaqe Kalat se alag kar ke zila Surab banaya gaya. July 2026 mein hukumat-e-Balochistan ki intizami tanzeem-e-nau ki reporton ke mutabiq Kalat division khatam kar ke ek nayi Khuzdar Division banayi gayi jis mein Khuzdar, Kalat, Surab aur Wadh ke Azla rakhe gaye. Is notification ka matan abhi hamare samne nahin, is liye yeh safha 2023 ki mardum shumari ki hudood ke mutabiq hai.

Tareekh

Kalat ki ibtidai tareekh riwayat aur qayas mein lipti hai. Gazetteer ke murattibin likhte hain ke shehar ke bani Seva ke baare mein is ke siwa kuch maloom nahin ke woh Hindu tha; Kalat ke dehwaron ki ek shakh aaj bhi "Sevazai" kehlati hai. Idara-e-shumariyat ki soobai report bhi is ilaqe mein ek Hindu "Seva khandan" ki hukmarani ka zikr karti hai.

Gazetteer ke mutabiq pandrahwin sadi ke lag bhag Kalat Mirwaryon ke hath aaya, jo apni riwayat ke mutabiq pehle Surab mein abad the. Baloch sardaron Mir Chakar Rind aur Gwahram Lashari ke daur mein Mirwari kuch arse ke liye Kalat se nikale gaye, magar Mir Bijjar ne Kalat wapas le liya. Mughlon ke zawal ke sath Brahui qabail ne Mughal hakim ko nikal kar Mirwari khandan ke Mir Hasan ko sardar banaya. Isi khandan ke Mir Ahmad, jin ke naam par khandan "Ahmadzai" kehlaya, 1666-67 mein masnad par baithe aur Mastung aur Khuzdar tak apna iqtidar phailaya.

Is khandan ka sab se namwar hukmran Mir Nasir Khan awwal tha jis ne 1750-51 se 1793-94 tak, yani 44 baras hukumat ki. Gazetteer ke mutabiq us ki haisiyat ek mutlaq-ul-inan badshah ki nahin balke sardaron ke ek wafaq ke sarbarah ki thi. 1758 mein Ahmad Shah Abdali se ikhtilaf ke baad Afghan lashkar ne Kalat ka muhasira kiya, magar gazetteer ke mutabiq shehar ne us ke teen hamle rok liye.

Pehli Afghan jang ke dauran 13 November 1839 ko General Willshire ki sarbarahi mein British fauj ne Kalat par hamla kar ke ise fatah kiya. Khan Mir Mehrab Khan aur un ke kai sardar is ladai mein mare gaye. Gazetteer ke mutabiq shehar ke Mastungi darwaze par us waqt (1907) bhi British topon ke nishan maujood the. Ek saal baad Sarawan ke sardaron ne Mir Mehrab Khan ke bete Nasir Khan doem ki himayat mein Kalat par qabza kar liya, aur 1841 mein angrezon ne unhein hi Khan tasleem kar liya. 1854 aur phir 1876 ke muahidon ne Kalat aur British hukumat ke talluqat ki nayi shakl mutayyan ki.

Log aur zabanein

2023 ki mardum shumari ke madri zaban ke jadwal ke mutabiq zila Kalat mein sab se badi zaban Brahui hai, jo 198,844 afrad, yani taqriban 73 feesad abadi ki madri zaban hai. Doosre number par Balochi hai jise 69,320 afrad (taqriban 25.5 feesad) ne madri zaban bataya. Pashto (1,826) aur Sindhi (937) bolne wale ek feesad se bhi kam hain.

Mazhab ke jadwal ke mutabiq zile ke 271,560 bashindon mein se 269,533 Muslim hain; un ke ilawa 1,060 Hindu aur 840 Maseehi darj hain. Kalat ki Hindu biradari purani hai: gazetteer ke mutabiq 1901 ke aas paas shehar mein Hindu tajiron ke pachas saath khandan abad the, aur qile ke neeche Kali Devi ka ek mandir tha jise murattibin ne "ghaliban Islam se pehle ka" qarar diya.

Taleem ki surat-e-haal kamzor hai. Mardum shumari ke mutabiq das saal aur is se zyada umar ki abadi mein shrah-e-khwandagi 39.70 feesad hai: mardon mein 49.54 feesad aur auraton mein 29.41 feesad. Soobai report Kalat ko un Azla mein shumar karti hai jahan school se bahar bachchon ki shrah 50 se 60 feesad ke darmiyan hai.

Maeeshat

Kalat ki maeeshat ki bunyad Zaraat aur galla-bani rahi hai. 1907 ke gazetteer ke mutabiq Sarawan ke ilaqe mein sab se zyada kasht gandum ki hoti thi aur yahi logon ki bunyadi khuraak thi, jabke kharbuza sab se aham bail-dar fasal thi. Imperial Gazetteer (1908) riyasat-e-Kalat ke baghat mein anar ko sab se aam darakht batata hai, aur sath khubani, badam, shahtoot, angoor aur saib ka zikr karta hai. Wahi maakhaz likhta hai ke Kalat shehar ke qareeb bade gadhe pale jate the.

Gazetteer ke mutabiq Kalat shehar mein koi badi sanat nahin thi, albatta gharelu istemal ke liye umda resham kashida kari hoti thi. Angrezon ki aamad se pehle Kalat Afghanistan se Hindustan jane wale qafilon ki guzargah tha, magar 1907 tak tijarat parchoon tak mehdood ho chuki thi.

Zile ki maujooda zarai paidawar ke baare mein koi sarkari ainda o shumar is safhe ki taiyari ke dauran dastiyab nahin ho sake; yeh hissa nazar-e-sani mein mukammal kiya jaye ga.

Qabil-e-deed maqamat

Miri (qila) aur purana shehar: Gazetteer ke mutabiq shehar Shah-e-Mardan pahari ke ek ubhar par abad hai aur is ke gird das burjon wali faseel thi. Shumal, janoob aur mashriq ke teen darwaze Mastungi, Gulkand aur Dildar kehlate the. Shehar ke upar "Miri" yani paanch manzila qila tha jis mein Khan rehte the aur jahan se wadi aur Harboi ke juniper se dhake pahar nazar aate the.

Ahmadzai qabristan: Shehar ke mashriq mein waqe is qabristan mein gazetteer ke mutabiq Mir Samandar Khan, Mir Nasir Khan awwal, Mir Mahmood Khan awwal aur Mir Mehrab Khan ke maqbare hain.

Harboi ka pahari silsila: Kalat ke mashriq mein taqriban 9,000 feet buland yeh silsila gazetteer ke mutabiq juniper ke jungles ke liye mashhoor tha. Is ki ek choti ko 9,830 feet buland bataya gaya hai.

Numayan shakhsiyat

Mir Nasir Khan awwal (wafat 1794): Ahmadzai khandan ka sab se namwar Khan, jis ne 44 baras hukumat ki. Gazetteer ke mutabiq us ne Makuran mein nau Muhimmat bhejin, Panjgur, Kech aur Kharan par apna iqtidar qaim kiya aur Sindh se Karachi ki bandargah hasil ki. Us ka intiqal 1794 ki bahar mein Gandawa mein hua.

Maakhaz

Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, 7th Population and Housing Census 2023, Table 1: Area, Population by Sex, Sex Ratio, Population Density, Urban Population, Household Size and Annual Growth Rate (Balochistan districts), PDF pp. 3–4 (Kalat district, sub-divisions and sub-tehsils). https://www.pbs.gov.pk/wp-content/uploads/census_tables/tables/table_1_balochistan_districts.pdf
Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, Census 2023, Table 11: Population by Mother Tongue, Sex and Rural/Urban (Balochistan districts), PDF p. 12 (Kalat district). https://www.pbs.gov.pk/wp-content/uploads/census_tables/tables/table_11_balochistan_districts.pdf
Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, Census 2023, Table 12: Literacy Rate, Enrolment and Out of School Population (Balochistan districts), PDF p. 17. https://www.pbs.gov.pk/wp-content/uploads/census_tables/tables/table_12_balochistan_district.pdf ; Table 9: Population by Religion (Balochistan districts), PDF p. 14. https://www.pbs.gov.pk/wp-content/uploads/census_tables/tables/table_9_balochistan_districts.pdf
Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, Provincial Census Report 2023: Balochistan, Islamabad, 2025: p. 34 (Sewa dynasty), p. 36 (accession of 27 March 1948 and the revolt of Prince Abdul Karim), p. 46 (Table 2.3, creation of Surab district from Kalat), p. 94 (out-of-school brackets). https://www.pbs.gov.pk/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Provincial-Census-Report-2023-Balochistan-1.pdf
Government of Balochistan, "History" (About Balochistan). https://balochistan.gov.pk/about/history/
C. F. Minchin (ed.), Baluchistan District Gazetteer Series, Vol. VI: Sarawan, Kachhi and Jhalawan (Sarawan part), Bombay: Times Press, 1907: p. 7 (Harboi range), pp. 25–35 (Mirwaris, Ahmadzai Khans, Nasir Khan I, 1839–41), p. 43 (Ahmadzai cemetery), p. 81 (principal crops), p. 149 (Kalat niabat), pp. 230–232 (Kalat town). https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.22668
R. Hughes-Buller (comp.), Imperial Gazetteer of India, Provincial Series: Baluchistan, Calcutta: Superintendent of Government Printing, 1908: pp. 153–154 (Kalat State, orchards and livestock), pp. 163–164 (Kalat Town). https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.120382
July 2026 restructuring, as recorded in content/districts/00-district-list.md: Dawn, "Balochistan undergoes major restructuring", 12 July 2026, https://www.dawn.com/news/2014773/balochistan-undergoes-major-restructuring ; ProPakistani, "Balochistan Govt Notifies New Divisions and Districts", 12 July 2026, https://propakistani.pk/2026/07/12/balochistan-govt-notifies-new-divisions-and-districts/ (not opened in this session)

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